Manuel d'utilisation / d'entretien du produit ST9600005SS du fabricant Seagate
Aller à la page of 88
Product Manual Savvio ® 10K.5 SAS 100628561 Rev . D March 201 1 St andard Models ST9900805SS ST9600205SS ST9450405SS ST9300605SS Self-Encrypting Drive Models ST9900705SS ST9600105SS ST9450305SS ST930.
Revision history © 201 1 Seagate T echnology LLC. All rights reser ved. Publication number: 1006 28561, Rev . D March 201 1 Seagate, Seagate T echnology and the W ave logo are registered tr ademarks of Se agate T echnology LLC in the United S tates and/or other countries.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D i Content s 1.0 Seagate Technology support services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 7.4 Power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.5 Environmental limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D iii 12.4.1 SAS physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 12.4.2 Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D v List of Figures Figure 1. Current pr ofiles for 90 0GB models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 2. Current prof iles fo r 600G B mo de ls . . . .
.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 1 1.0 Seagate T echnology support services SEAGA TE ONLINE SUPPORT and SERVICES For information regarding pr oducts and services, visit http://www .
2 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Pro duct Manual, Rev. D 2.0 Scope This manual describes Seagate T echnology ® LLC, Savvio ® 10K.5 SAS (Serial Attach ed SCSI) disc drives. Savvio drives support the SAS Protoc ol specifications to the extent described in this manual.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 3 3.0 Applicable st andards an d reference document ation The drives documented in this manual have been developed a s system per ipher als to th e hi ghest st andard s of design and constructio n.
4 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Pro duct Manual, Rev. D 3.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance Seagate uses an in dependent laborator y to confirm comp liance with the directives/st andards for CE Marking and C-T ick Marking. The dr ive was tested in a r epresen t ative system for typical applications.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 5 3.1.4 China Restriction of Hazardous Substa nces (RoHS) Directive This product has an Environ mental Protection Use Period (EPUP) of 20 years.
6 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Pro duct Manual, Rev. D 4.0 General description Savvio drives provide high performance, high ca pacity da t a storage for a var iety of systems including engi- neering workst ations, network se rvers, mainframes, and su percomputers.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 7 4.1 St andard features Savvio ® 10K.5 SAS drives have the following standa rd features: • 1.5 / 3 / 6 Gb Serial Att ached SCSI (SAS) interface • Integrat.
8 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Pro duct Manual, Rev. D Note. There is no significant performance dif ference betwe en Self-Encrypting Drive and st andard (non- Self-Encrypting Drive) models.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 9 5.0 Performance characteristics This section provides detailed inform ation concerning performan ce-rela ted characteristics an d features of Sav- vio drives.
10 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 5.2.2 Format command exe cu ti o n tim e fo r 512 -by te sec tor s (mi nut es ) 900GB 600GB 450GB 300GB Maximum (with verify) 234 156 11 7 78 Maximum (without verify) 11 6 75 58 36 Note. Th ere is approximately a 1.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 11 5.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahe ad) and mu lti-segmen ted cache control algorithms tha t in many cases can enhance system performance. Cache refers to the drive buf fer storage space when it is u sed in cache operations.
12 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 5.5.1 Caching write data Write caching is a wr ite op eration by the dr ive that m akes us e of a driv e buffer storag e area where th e data to be written to the med ium is stored while the drive performs the W rite command .
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 13 6.0 Reliability specifications The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interfac e, including all inter- face timings, power supply volt ages, environment al requirements and drive mou n tin g con st ra i nts.
14 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 6.1.3 Seek errors A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to posi tion the heads to the addr essed track. After detecting an initial seek error , the drive automatically perfor ms an er ror recovery process.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 15 6.2.4 S.M.A.R.T . S.M.A.R.T . is an acronym for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting T e chnology . This technology is intended to recognize conditions tha.
16 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D Error rate is the number of er rors per operation . The algori thm that S.M.A.R.T . uses to reco rd rates of error is to set thresholds for the number of errors and their interval .
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 17 6.2.6 Drive Self T est (DST) Drive Self T est (DST) is a technology designe d to recogn ize drive fault conditions th at qualify the drive as a failed unit. DST validates the functiona lity of the drive at a system level.
18 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 6.2.6.2. 3 Short and extended t ests DST has two testing options : 1. short 2. extended These testing options are describ ed in the following two subsections. Each test consists of three segment s: an electrical te st segment, a servo test s egm ent, and a re ad/ve rify s can segment.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 19 6.2.7 Product wa rranty See Section 1.0 for warranty con tact informatio n. Shipping When transporting or shipp ing a drive, use only a Seaga te-approved co ntainer . Keep your original bo x. Sea- gate approved cont ainers are ea sily identified by th e Seagate Appro ved Package label.
20 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 7.0 Physical/electrical specifications This section provides information relating to the physical and electrical characteristics of the dr ive.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 21 7.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods PowerChoice TM provides these reporting me thods for trackin g purposes: Request Sense command report s • Current power conditio n • Method of en try Note. Processing the Request Sense command does not impact the drive ’s po we r save state.
22 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D T able 2: 900GB standard drive DC power requirement s Notes 3.0Gb mode 6.0Gb mode (Amps) (Amp s) (Amps) (Amp s) V oltage +5V +12V [2] +5V +1 2V [2] Regulation [6] ±5% ±5% [2] ±5% ±5% [2] Avg idle current DC [1] [8] 0.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 23 T able 3: 600GB standard drive DC power requirement s Notes 3.0Gb mode 6.0Gb mode (Amps) (Amp s) (Amps) (Amp s) V oltage +5V +12V [2] +5V +1 2V [2] Regulation [6] ±5% ±5% [2] ±5% ±5% [2] Avg idle current DC [1] [8] 0.
24 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D T able 4: 450GB standard model DC power requirement s Notes 3.0Gb mode 6.0Gb mode (Amps) (Amp s) (Amps) (Amp s) V oltage +5V +12V [2] +5V +1 2V [2] Regulation [6] ±5% ±5% [2] ±5% ±5% [2] Avg idle current DC [1] [8] 0.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 25 [1] Measured with average reading D C ammeter . Inst antaneous +12V current peaks will exce ed these values.
26 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D [5] This condition occu rs after OOB and S peed Negotiation co mpletes but before the drive has received the No tify S pinup primitive. [6] See paragraph 7.3.1, "Conducted noise immunity ." S pecified voltage tolerance includes rippl e, noise, and transient response.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 27 7.3.3 Current profiles The +12V and +5V current profiles fo r th e Savvio 10K.4 drives are shown below . Figure 1.
28 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D Figure 2. Current prof iles for 600GB models.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 29 Figure 3. Current pr ofiles for 450GB models.
30 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D Figure 4. Current prof iles for 300GB models Note: All times and currents are typical. See T ables 2 through 5 for maximum current requirements.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 31 7.4 Power dissip ation 900 GB models in 3Gb operation T ypic al power dissipation under idle conditions in 3Gb operation is 4.38 watt s (14.95 BTUs per hour) . T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
32 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 900GB models in 6Gb operati on T ypical power dissipation under idle conditions in 6Gb operation is 4.42 watt s (15.07 BTUs per hour). T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the follo wing I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 33 600 GB models in 3Gb operation T ypical power dissipation under idle conditions in 3Gb operation is 3 .7 8 watts (12.89 BTUs per hou r) . T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
34 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 600GB models in 6Gb operati on T ypical power dissipation under idle conditions in 6Gb operation is 3.82 watt s (13.05 BTUs per hour). T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the follo wing I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 35 450GB models in 3Gb operati on T ypic al power dissipation under idle conditions in 3Gb operation is 3.73 watt s (12.73 BTUs per hour) . T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
36 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 450GB models in 6Gb operati on T ypical power dissipation under idle conditions in 6Gb operation is 3.75 watt s (12.79 BTUs per hour). T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the follo wing I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 37 300GB models in 3Gb operati on T ypical power dissipation under idle conditions in 3Gb operation is 3 .4 6 watts (1 1 .81 BTUs per hour). T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
38 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 300GB models in 6Gb operati on T ypical power dissipation under idle conditions in 6G b operation is 3.48 watt s (1 1.88 BTUs pe r hour). T o obtain o perating power for typical random read o peratio ns, refer to the follo wing I/O rate curve (see Figure 7).
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 39 b. Non-operatin g –40° to 158°F (–40° to 70°C) package a mbient with a maximum grad ient of 3 6°F (20°C) per hour . This spe cification assumes that the dr ive is p ackaged in the ship ping cont ainer designe d by Seagate for use with drive.
40 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 7.5.4.1 Sh ock a. Operating—normal The drive, as inst alled for normal oper ation, shall oper a te error free while subjec ted to intermitte nt shock not .
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 41 7.5.4.2 Vibration a. Operating—normal The drive as inst alled for norm al operation, shall comply with the complete sp ecified performa nce while subjected to continuous vi bration not exceeding 5-500 Hz @ 0.
42 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 7.5.7 Acou stics Sound powe r during idle m ode shall be 3.0 bels typ ical when measu red to ISO 7779 specif ication. There will not be any discret e tones more than 10 dB above the masking noise on typical drives when mea- sured according to Seagate specificat ion 30553-001.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 43 7.6 Mechanical specifications Refer to Figure 15 for det ailed mountin g configurat ion dimensions. See Section 1 1.3, “Dri ve mounting.” Note. These dimensions conform to the Small Form Factor S tandard documented in SFF-82 01 and SFF-8223, found at www .
44 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 8.0 About FIPS The Federal Information Proce ssing S t andard (FIPS) Pub lication 140-2, FIPS PU B 140-2, is a U.S. gover n- ment computer security st andar d used to accredit cryptogr aphic modules. It is titled “Security Req uirement s for Cryptographic Mo dule s”.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 45 9.0 About self-e ncrypting drives Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) offer encryption and secu rity services for the pr otection of stored dat a, com- monly known as “protection of data at rest .
46 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 9.2.2 Locking SP The Locking SP contro ls read/write a ccess to the med ia and the cryptogr aph ic erase feature.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 47 9.7 Authenticated firmware do wnload In addition to providing a locking mechanism to preven t unwanted firmware download a ttempts, the drive also only accepts download files which have been cryptographica lly signed by the appropriate Seaga te Design Center .
48 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 10.0 Defect and er ror management Seagate continues to use innova tive technologies to manage d efects and erro rs. These technologies are designed to increase dat a integrity , perform drive self-mainten ance, and validat e proper drive o peration.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 49 T able 6 equates the read and write retry count with th e maximum possible r ecovery time for read and write recovery of individual LBAs.
50 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D With BMS, the host system can cons ume less power and system overhe ad by only checking BMS st atus and results rath er than tying up the bus and consuming p ower in the process of ho st-initiated media scanning activ- ity .
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 51 10.8 Protection Information (PI) Protection Information is intended as a sta ndardized ap proach to system level LRC trad itionally provided by systems using 520 byte formatted LBAs. Drives form atted with PI information provide the same , common LBA count (i.
52 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 1 1.0 Inst allation Savvio disc drive installation is a plug-and-p lay pro cess. The re are no jumper s, switche s, or terminators on the drive. SAS drives are designed to be used in a host system that provides a SAS-compatible backplane with bays designed to accommo date the drive.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 53 1 1.1 Drive orientation The drive may be mounted in an y orient ation. All drive performance characterizations, however , have been done with the drive in horizontal (discs level) and vertical (drive on its si de) orient ations, which are the two pre- ferred mo unting orientations.
54 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 1 1.3 Drive mounting Mount the drive usin g the bottom or side mounting holes . If you mount the drive using the bottom hole s, ensure that you do not physically d istort the d rive by at tempting to mount it on a stif f, non-flat surface.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 55 12.0 Interface requirement s This section partially describes the interface requ irements as imp lemented on Savvio drives. Additio nal infor- mation is provided in the SAS Interface Manual (p art number 1 00293071).
56 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 12.2 Dual port support Savvio SAS drives have two indep endent port s. These ports may be connected in the same or dif ferent SCSI domains. Each drive port has a unique SAS address. The two ports have the capabilit y of independent port clocki ng (e.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 57 ETC bit N TMC bit N LP bit N Protocol-specific Log Pa ge for SAS (18h) Y Log Sense 4Dh Y Application Client Log page (0Fh) Y Buf fer Over-run/Und er -run p a.
58 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D Persistent Reserve In 5Eh Y Persistent Reserve Out 5Fh Y Prefetch 34h N Read (6) 08h Y Read (10) 28h Y DPO bit supported Y FUA bit supporte d Y Read (12) A8.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 59 Security Protocol Out B5h Y (SED models only) Seek (6) 0Bh Y Seek (10) 2Bh Y Send Diagnostics 1Dh Y Supported Diagnostics pages (00h) Y T ransla te page ( 40.
60 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D [1] Savvio drives can format to 512, 520, 52 4 or 528 bytes per logical block. [2] W arning. Power loss du ring flash programming can result in firmware co rrup tion. This usually makes the drive inoperable.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 61 12.3.2 Mode Sense dat a The Mode Sense command pr ovides a way for the drive to re port its o perating para mete rs to the initiator .
62 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D T able 1 1: Mode Sense data for 900GB drives MODE DATA HEADER: 01 9a 00 10 01 00 00 10 BLOCK DESCRIPTOR: 00 00 00 00 68 cb 9e 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 MOD.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 63 T able 12: Mode Sense dat a for 600GB drives MODE DATA HEADER: 01 9a 00 10 01 00 00 10 BLOCK DESCRIPTOR: 00 00 00 00 45 dd 2f b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 MODE.
64 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D T able 13: Mode Sense values for 450GB drives MODE DATA HEADER: 01 9a 00 10 01 00 00 10 BLOCK DESCRIPTOR: 00 00 00 00 34 65 f8 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 MO.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 65 T able 14: Mode Sense values for 300GB drives MODE DATA HEADER: 01 9a 00 10 01 00 00 10 BLOCK DESCRIPTOR: 00 00 00 00 22 ec b2 5c 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 MOD.
66 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 12.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions T able 15 lists various features and cond itions. A “Y” in th e support column indicates t he featur e or condition is supported. An “N” in the support column indicates the feat ure or condition is not supported.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 67 12.4.1 SAS physical interface Figure 19 shows the location of the SAS device c onnector J1. Figures 20 and 21 provide the dimensions of the SAS connector . Details of the physical, electrical, an d logical ch aracteristics are provided wi th in this section.
68 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D Figure 20. SAS device pl ug dimensio ns C OF DATUM B L 5.08 1.27 (6X) 1.27 (14X) 15.875 0.35MIN 15.875 33.43 0.05 B 4.90 0.08 0.84 0.05 (22X) 0.15 B P15 P1 S7 S1 SEE Detail1 0.30 0.05 (4X) 4.00 0.08 0.15 D 0.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 69 Figure 21. SAS device pl ug dimensio ns (detail) 6.10 Detail A 0.30 0.05 x 45 (5X) 0.40 0.05 X 45 (3X) CORING ALLOWED IN THIS AREA. 2.25 0.05 4.85 0.05 0.10 B E S14 S8 4.40 0.15 SEE Detail 2 3.90 0.15 SECTION A - A SECTION C - C A 0.
70 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D 12.4.2 Physical characteristic s This section defines phys ical inter face co nnector . 12.4.3 Connector requirement s Contact your prefe rred connector manufacturer for mati n g part information.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 71 12.4.6 SAS transmitte rs and receiv ers A typical SAS differential copper transm itter and receiver p air is shown in Figure 22. The rece iver is AC cou- pling to eliminate ground shif t noise. Figure 22. SAS trans mitters and rec eivers 12.
72 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D The Ready LED Out signal is designed to pu ll down t he cath ode of an LED. The anode is att ached to the proper +3. 3 volt su pply thro ugh an ap prop riat e cur ren t limitin g resist or . The LED and the curr ent lim iting resis - tor are ext ernal to the d rive.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 73 Index Numerics 12 volt pins 71 5 volt pins 71 6 Gbps 72 A abort task set function 55 AC coupling 71 AC power requirements 21 ACA active status 66 ACA active,.
74 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D drive 41 drive characteristics 9 drive failure 14 Drive Locking 46 drive mounting 43 , 54 drive select 70 dual port support 56 E electrical description of c.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 75 maximum delayed motor start 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 maximum start current 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 mean time betw ee n fa ilur e.
76 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D reference documents 5 relative humidity 39 reliability 8 specifications 13 reliability and service 14 repair and retu rn information 19 reporting actual ret.
Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 77 W warranty 19 Z zero latency read 66 zone bit recording (ZBR) 7.
78 Savvio 10K.5 SAS Product Ma nual, Rev. D.
.
Seagate T echnology LLC 920 Disc Drive, Scotts V alley, California 95066 -4544, USA Publication Number: 1006 285 61, Rev . D..
Un point important après l'achat de l'appareil (ou même avant l'achat) est de lire le manuel d'utilisation. Nous devons le faire pour quelques raisons simples:
Si vous n'avez pas encore acheté Seagate ST9600005SS c'est un bon moment pour vous familiariser avec les données de base sur le produit. Consulter d'abord les pages initiales du manuel d'utilisation, que vous trouverez ci-dessus. Vous devriez y trouver les données techniques les plus importants du Seagate ST9600005SS - de cette manière, vous pouvez vérifier si l'équipement répond à vos besoins. Explorant les pages suivantes du manuel d'utilisation Seagate ST9600005SS, vous apprendrez toutes les caractéristiques du produit et des informations sur son fonctionnement. Les informations sur le Seagate ST9600005SS va certainement vous aider à prendre une décision concernant l'achat.
Dans une situation où vous avez déjà le Seagate ST9600005SS, mais vous avez pas encore lu le manuel d'utilisation, vous devez le faire pour les raisons décrites ci-dessus,. Vous saurez alors si vous avez correctement utilisé les fonctions disponibles, et si vous avez commis des erreurs qui peuvent réduire la durée de vie du Seagate ST9600005SS.
Cependant, l'un des rôles les plus importants pour l'utilisateur joués par les manuels d'utilisateur est d'aider à résoudre les problèmes concernant le Seagate ST9600005SS. Presque toujours, vous y trouverez Troubleshooting, soit les pannes et les défaillances les plus fréquentes de l'apparei Seagate ST9600005SS ainsi que les instructions sur la façon de les résoudre. Même si vous ne parvenez pas à résoudre le problème, le manuel d‘utilisation va vous montrer le chemin d'une nouvelle procédure – le contact avec le centre de service à la clientèle ou le service le plus proche.
