Manuel d'utilisation / d'entretien du produit M6VCT du fabricant Biostar
Aller à la page of 81
M6VCT Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C) Statement • This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation of this device is subject to the follow ing tw o conditions: (1) this device.
4. Consu lt the dealer or an experien ced radio/TV technician f or help. • Caut ion: Chan ges or m odif ications not expres sly approved by th e man ufacturer could void the us er’s auth ority to operate the equipm ent.
Contents i Introduction ................................................................................ 1-1 1 Motherboard Description ....................................................... 1-2 1.1 Features ...........................................
Contents ii 1.5.3 ISA (Indu stry Standard A rchitecture) Slot .................................... 1-16 1.5.4 PCI (Peripheral Com ponent In terconnect) Slots ........................... 1-16 1.6 Connectors , Headers & Jum pers ....................
Contents iii 1.7.6.4 Tele phony A udio He ader: J TA D1 (O ptional) ................................... 1-31 2. BIOS Setup .............................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Main Menu ...............................
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-1 Introduction System Overview Thanks for buying this product! T his m anual w as w ritten to help you start using th is prod uct as quickly and smoothly as p ossible. Inside you w ill find adequ ate explanations to solve m ost problem s.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-2 1 Motherboard Descrip tion 1.1 Features 1.1.1 Hardware CPU − The C eler on TM proc essor (PPGA) and the Pentium !!! / Tualatin TM Micro-Proce ssor prov ides the new gene ration pow er f or high-e nd work stations and ser vers .
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-3 BUS Slot s − Provide one ( 2X/4X)AG P slot and one/tw o 16-bit IS A Bus slots. − Four / Five 32- bit PCI bus ma ster sl ots. − PCI V2.2 compliant. PCI Enhanced IDE Built -in onboa r d − Supports 4 IDE ha rd disk driv es.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-4 − 4 analog line-lev el stereo input with 5- bit volume control : LINE_IN,CD. − Mono output with 5-bit v olume control. − Stereo output w ith 5-bit volum e control. − P owe r man ag emen t . − 3D Stereo Enhan cement.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-5 − Thermal alarm on either extern al or an y combinatio n of two intern al temperature sen sing circui ts. − I/O pad l eakage co ntrol. Universal Serial Bus − USB v.1.1 and Intel Univ ersal HCI v.1.1 c ompatible.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-6 (3)LRU replacement scheme. (4)Indepe ndent GA RT lookup contr ol for host /A G P /PCI maste r accesses. − Window s 95 OSR-2 VXD and integ rate d Window s 98 / NT 2000 /WINN T m iniport driv er support. 1.1.2 BIOS BIOS − AWA RD legal & user-friendly BIOS.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-7 1.2 Motherboard Installation 1.2.1 Sy stem Block Diagram VIA MEMORY HOST BUS PCI BUS FLASH BIOS ISA B US HOST BUS VT82 C686B 3 D IM M US B US B VT82C 694X/ T AC&a.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-8 1.2.2 Lay out of Motherboard Model N o.M6V CT CPU Socket 370 ISA1 PCI3 PCI4 PCI5 PCI1 PCI2 PCI BUS S LOT PCI BUS S LOT PCI BUS S LOT PCI BUS S LOT PCI BUS S LOT ISA BU S SLO T AGP SLOT AMR SLOT AMR1 AGP1 JA TXPWR1 JCFAN1 VIA VT82C694X /T V T82C686 B U2 FDD1 IDE2 IDE1 FLOP PY DISK CONN .
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-9 1.2.3 Quick Reference A. Fr ont Audio Header (JAUDIO1) J. CPU Fan Header (JCFAN1) B. Back panel I/O Connect ors K. DIMMs (DI MM1- 3) C. AMR BUS Slot (AMR1) L. A TX Power Connector ( JA TXPWR1) D. CD Audio-In Header (JCDI N2) M.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-10 1.3 CPU Installation 1.3.1 CPU Installation Procedure: Socket 370 1. Pull the lever sidew ay s aw ay from the socket then raise the lever up to a 90-degree an gle. 2. Locate Pin A in the socket an d look for the w h ite dot or cut edge in the CPU.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-11 1.3.2 CPU & Sy stem FA N 1.3.2.1 CPU FAN Header: JCFA N1 Pin No. A ssignme nt 1 Ground 2 +12V 3 Sense 1.3.2.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-12 1.4 RA M Module Installation 1.4.1 DIMM DRA M Acce ss T ime : 3.3V U nbuffe re d SDRA M PC66, P C100 & PC 133 Ty pe r equire d.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-13 Total Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Memory Size (MB) DIMM1 DIMM2 DIMM3 80 M 8M x 1 pc 8M x 1 pc 64M x 1 pc 96 M 16M x 1 pc 16M x 1 pc 64M x 1 pc 128 M 32M x 1 pc 32M x 1 .
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-14 1.4.2 How to install a DIMM Module 1. The DIMM socket has a “ Plastic Safety Tab” and th e DIMM memory modu le has an as ym m etrical notch”, so the DIMM m emory m odule can only fit into the slot in one direction.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-15 1.5 Slots The slots in this m otherboard are desig ned to hold expan sion cards an d connect th em to th e sys tem bus. Expan sion sl ots are a mean s of addin g or enhancing the m otherboard’s features an d capabilities.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-16 1.5.1 A GP (A ccelerated Graphics Port) Slot Unlike the m ouse ports, keyboard ports and p rinter ports this motherboard does not have built in video facilities and theref ore requires a video card for one of the expansion slots.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-17 1.6 Connectors, Headers & Jumpers The connectors, h eaders and jum pers introdu ced below provide y ou lots of capabilities such as power supply , front panel signal revelation, IDE hard disk connect ion, floppy di sk con nection , Wake On LA N fu nction and USB connection .
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-18 1.6.1 Front Panel Connector: JPA NEL1 Pin A ssignment Function Pi n A ssignment Function No. No. 1 +5V 2 Sleep Control Sleep 3 NA Speaker 4 Ground Button 5 NA Co.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-19 Self-Test w hen th e comput er cannot use th e video interf ace. The speaker is n ot connected to th e audio subs ys tem an d does not receive ou tput from the au dio subs ys tem . RST (Reset Bu tton) This connector can be attach ed to a mom entary SPST sw itch.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-20 1.6.2 A TX 20-pin Power Connector: JATXPWR1 This con nector s upports t he pow er butt on on- board. Using the A TX pow er su pply , fu ncti ons s uch as Modem R ing Wake-U p and Sof t Pow er Off are supported on thi s m otherboard.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-21 1.6.4 Floppy Disk Connector: FDD1 The moth erboard provides a s tandard f loppy disk con nector (FDC ) that supports 360K, 720K, 1.2M, 1.44M an d 2.88M floppy dis k ty pes. Thi s connect or supports the provi ded floppy drive ri bbon cables.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-22 1.6.6 Clear CMOS Jumper: JC MOS1 JCMO S1 A ssignment 1 3 1-2 Closed Normal Operation (default) 1 3 2-3 Closed Clear CMOS Data 1.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-23 1.7 Peripheral Port Connectors 1.7.1 PS/2 Mouse / Key board Connect or: JKBMS1 The motherboard prov ides a stan dard PS/2 mouse / Keyboard m ini DIN connector f or attaching a PS/2 m ouse. You can plug a PS/2 m ouse / Keyboard directly into this conn ector.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-24 PS/2 Mouse / Key board Connectors Pin A ssignment 1 Data 2 No connect 3 Ground 4 +5 V (fused) 5 Clock 6 No connect 1.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-25 1.7.3 Serial and Parallel Interface Ports This s ys tem com es equipped w ith tw o serial port s and on e parallel port.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-26 1.7.3.2 Connect i vity The serial ports can be us ed in m any w ays , and it m ay be necessary to become f amiliar with the pinout diagram . The following chart gives y ou the fu nction of each pin on the 9-pin connector and som e of the 25-pin connector.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-27 1.7.3.3 Parallel I nt erf ace Port : JPRNT1 Unlike the s erial ports, parallel interface port h as been st andardized and should not pres ent any diffi culty interfacing peripherals to y our sy stem . Sometim es called centronics port, the parallel po rt is almost exclusively used w ith printe rs.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-28 1.7.4 Game (Joy stick) Port Connector: JGA ME1 This connector allow s y ou to con nect a joystick or game pad for playing compu ter game s. Also, you may play or edit profes sional m us ic by conne c ting MI DI de vices.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-29 1.7.6 A udio Subsy stem JAUDIO1 1 2 9 JT AD1 JCDIN1 JCDIN2 1 1 1.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-30 1.7.6.1 CD- ROM Audio-In Header: JCDIN1 Pin No. Assignment 1 Right Channel Input 2 Ground 3 Ground 4 Left Channel Input 1.7.6.2 CD- ROM Audio-In Header: JCDIN2 Pin No. Assignment 1 Left Channel Input 2 Ground 3 Right Channel Input 4 Ground 1.
Chapter 1 Motherboard Description 1-31 1.7.6.4 Telephony A udio Header: JTA D1 (O ptional) Pin No. Assignment 1 PHONE_IN 2 Ground 3 Ground 4 MONO_OUT.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-1 2. BIOS Setup Introdu ction This m anual discussed A w ard™ Setup progra m built into the ROM BIOS. The Setup prog ram a llows users to modif y the basic sy stem conf iguration.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-2 PCI Bus Support This A WA RD B IOS als o supports Ver sion 2.1 of the Intel PCI (Periphera l Compone nt Inter connect) loca l bus spe cif ication. Pleas e see the Intel tec hnical docum entation f or additional inf orm ation.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-3 2.1 Main Menu Once y ou enter A wa rd BIOS™ CMOS Setup Utility , the Main Menu will appe ar on the scre en. T he Ma in Menu allow s y ou to sele ct fr om s ever al setup f unctions and two exi t choices. Use the arrow keys to select among th e items and press <Enter> to accept and enter the su b-menu.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-4 Standard CM OS Features This setup pag e includes a ll the item s in a standard c ompatible BIOS. Advanced BIOS Features This setup page inclu des all th e items of BIOS special en hanced featu res. Advanced Chipset Features This setup pag e includes a ll the item s of chipse t special f eatures .
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-5 Set User Passw ord You c an s pecif y both a Us er a nd a Super visor pa ssw ord. Whe n you s elec t either passw ord option, y ou a re pr ompte d for a 1-6-cha racte r pass word. Ente r the passw ord a nd then rety pe the passw ord w hen prom pted.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-6 2.2 Standard CMOS Features The ite ms in Standard CMO S Setup Menu are divi ded into 10 cate gories . Each cate gory include s no, one or m ore tha n one setup ite ms . Use the arrow key s to highlight the item and then use the <PgUp> or <PgDn> key s to selec t the value you want in each item.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-7 Ma in M enu Selections This ta ble show s the se lections tha t you c an m ake on the Main Menu. Item Optio ns Description Da te MM DD YYYY Se t th e s ys tem d at e. No te That the ‘Day ’ automatically changes when y ou set the date.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-8 Item Optio ns Description Halt On All Errors No Errors All, but Keyboard All, but Diskette All, but Disk/Key Select the situation in which you w ant the BIOS to stop the POST process and notify you. Base Memory N/A Displays the amount of conventional memory de-tected during boot up.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-9 2.3 A dvanced BIOS Features Figure 3. Ad vanced BIOS S etup CMOS Setup Utility -C opyrig ht (C ) 1984- 2000 Aw ard Sof tw are Advanced BIOS Features Virus W a.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-10 Virus Warning This option a llows you to c hoose the VI RUS Wa rning f eatur e for IDE Har d Disk boot sector protection. If this f unction is enabled and som eone attem pts to write data into this are a, BIOS will show a w arning m essag e on screen a nd alarm beep.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-11 First /Second/Third/Other Boot Device These BIOS attem pts to load the operating sy stem f rom the devices in the sequen ce sel ected in t h ese items. The Choices: Floppy, L S/ZIP, HDD-0, SCSI, HDD-1, HDD-2, HDD-3 , LAN, Disabled, CDROM, En abled.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-12 press <Enter>, it will disable se curity. Once the security is disabled, the syste m will boot and you can e nter Setup fr eely . OS Selection for DRAM > 64M B Select the operating sy ste m that is running with g reat er than 64MB of RA M on the system.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-13 2.4 A dvanced Chipset Features This s ection allow s y ou to conf igur e the sy ste m ba sed on the specif ic f ea tures of the in stalled ch ipset. Thi s chipset manages bu s speeds and access to system mem ory resources, such as DRAM and t he external cach e.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-14 DRAM Cloc k When sy nchronous DRAM is installe d, the numbe r of c lock c yc les of CA S latency depe nds on the DR AM tim ing.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-15 USB Keybo ard Support Select Enabled if y our sy stem contain s an Univers al Serial Bus (USB) cont r olle r and you ha ve an USB keyboa rd.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-16 2.5 Integrated Peripherals Figure 5. Integrated Peripherals CMOS Setup Utility -C opyrig ht (C ) 1984- 2000 Aw ard Sof tw are Integrated Peripherals On-Chip .
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-17 On-Chip IDE Channel 0 The integrated peri pheral con troller con tains an IDE i nterface with s upport f or two IDE chan n els.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-18 IDE HDD Block M o de Block mode is a lso called bloc k transfe r, multiple c omm ands, or m ultiple sector read/w rite.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-19 Onboard Para llel Po rt This item allows you to determine access onboard para llel port contr oller with whic h I/O A ddress . The Choices: 378/IRQ7 (de fault), 278/I RQ5, Disable d, 3BC/IRQ7. Parallel Port M ode Select an operating m ode f or the onboa rd paralle l (printer) por t.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-20 SB DM A Select Change the SoundBlast er Pro direct m em ory access setting. MPU-401 Enable or Di sable MPU-401 option. MPU-401 I/O Addres s Change the SoundBlas ter Pro MPU-401 I/O addres s. Gam e Port (200-207H) Change th e joystick con nects po rt addr ess.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-21 2.6 Pow er Management Setup The Power Managem ent Setup allow s you to c onfig ure y ou sy stem to m ost eff ectiv ely sav e energ y w hile operating in a m anner consiste nt with y our own style of computer use.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-22 Power Ma nagement Op tion This cate gory a llows you to s elect the ty pe (or deg ree) of pow er sa ving and is directly relate d to the follow ing m odes: 1.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-23 PM Co ntrol by APM The Choices: No Sy stem BIOS w ill ignore A PM when power M anagement i s on. Yes (default) System Bios w ill w ait for APM' s prompt before it enters any PM mode. Video Off Option This determ ines the ma nner in whic h the monitor is bla nked.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-24 Soft-Off by PWRBTN Pressing the pow er button f or mor e than 4 se conds f orces the sy ste m to enter the Soft-O ff stat e w hen the sy ste m ha s “hung ”.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-25 Doze M o de / Suspend Mode The Doze Mode, and Suspend M ode fields set the Period of time after w hich each of these m odes activate. A t Max Saving , th ese modes activate sequentially (in th e given order) after one m inu te; at Min Savi ng after one hour.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-26 RTC Alarm Resum e When “Enabled”, you can set the date and tim e at w hich the RTC (real-tim e clock) alarm aw akens th e sys tem f rom Su spend m ode.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-27 2.7 PnP/PCI Configurations This sec tion describe s config uring the PCI bus sy st em . PCI, or Personal Computer Intercon nect, is a sy stem which allo ws I/O devices to operat e at speeds nearing the speed the CPU itself use s whe n communic ating with its own special com ponents.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-28 PNP OS Installed When set to YES, BIOS w ill only initialize the PnP cards used for booting (VGA, IDE, SCSI). The rest of the cards will be initialized by the PnP oper ating systems, like Windows TM 95. When set to NO, BIOS will initialize all th e PnP cards.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-29 provides f or non-PnP ISA a dd-on car ds. PCI / ISA PnP signif ies tha t a res ource is ass igned to the PCI Bus or prov ides f or ISA PnP add-on cards a nd periphera ls. The Choices: Disabled (default), En ab led.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-30 Assign IRQ Fo r VGA Lets the u ser choose w hich IRQ to assign for the VGA . The Choices: Enabled (default), Disabled . Assign IRQ For USB Lets the u ser choose w hich IRQ to assign for USB. The Choices: Enabled (default), Disabled .
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-31 2.8 PC Health Status Figure 8. Frequ ency/Voltage Control CMOS Setup Utility -C opyrig ht (C ) 1984- 2000Aw ard Soft w are PC Health Status Show H/W Monitor in PO S T 3s ec Current CPU Tem p. Item Help CPU FAN Speed System FAN Speed Menu Leve Vcore +2.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-32 System FAN Speed These fields display the cu rrent speed of u p to CPU and Sys tem fan s, if your co mput e r cont ains a monito ring system. Current Vcore, +2.5V, +3.3V, +5.0V, +12.0V Detects Sy stem Voltage automa tically .
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-33 2.9 Frequency Control Figure 9. Frequ ency / Clock Control CMOS Setup Utility -C opyrig ht (C ) 1984- 2000 Aw ard Sof tw are Freq ue ncy / Clock Co nt rol CP.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-34 2.10 Load Optimized Defaults When y ou pres s <Ente r> on this item y ou ge t a conf irm ation dialog box w ith a messa ge sim ilar to: Figure 9.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-35 2.11 Set Superv isor/User Passw ord Figure 10. Set Supervisor/User Pass word CMOS Setup Utility -C opyrig ht (C ) 1984- 1999 Aw ard Sof tw are Standard CMOS .
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-36 PASSWORD DISABLED If y ou se lect “S ys tem ” at the Se curity Option of BIOS Featur es Setup Menu, you will be prom pted for the passw ord eve ry tim e the sy stem is rebooted or any tim e you try to enter Setup.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-37 2.12 Sav e & Exit Setup Figure 11. Save & Exit S etup CMOS Setup Utility -C opyrig ht (C ) 1984- 2000 Aw ard Sof tw are Standard CMOS Features Freque.
C h a p t e r 2 B I O S S e t u p 2-38 2.13 Exit Without Sav ing Figure 12. Ex it With out Saving CMOS Setup Utility -C opyrig ht (C ) 1984- 2000 Aw ard Sof tw are Standard CMOS Features Frequency.
Chapter 3 Trouble Shooting 3-1 3. Trouble Shooting PROBLEM No pow er inputs to the s ys tem at all. Powe r light does not illum inate , fa n inside powe r supply does not turn on. I ndicator lig ht on key boar d does not turn on. PROBABLE CAUSE D IAGNOSIS SOLUTION Power cable is unplugged.
Chapter 3 Trouble Shooting 3-2 PROBLEM Sys tem does not boot f rom hard disk drive, c an be booted f rom CD-RO M drive. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Connector between hard drive and system board unplugged. W hen attempting to run the FDISK utility you get a message, INVALID DRIVE SPECIFICATION.
Chapter 3 Trouble Shooting 3-3 PROBLEM Error message reading “SECTOR NOT FOUND” or ot her error messages not allowi ng certa in data to be re trieved. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION A number of causes could be behind this. Use a file-by-file backup instead of an image backup to backup the hard disk.
Chapter 3 Trouble Shooting 3-4 PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Memory problem. Reboot computer. Reinstall memory, make sure that all memory modules are installed in correct sockets. Computer virus. Use anti-virus programs to detect and clean viruses.
Chapter 3 Trouble Shooting 3-5 PROBLEM No display on scre en. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Faulty M onitor. If possible, connect monitor to another system. If no color replace monitor. CM OS incorrectly set up. Call technical support. PROBLEM C: drive f ailure.
Chapter 3 Trouble Shooting 3-6 PROBLEM Missing operating sy stem on hard driv e. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION CM OS setup has been changed. Run setup and select correct drive type. PROBLEM Certa in key s do not f unction. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Keys jammed or defective.
08/16/2001 MADE IN T AIW AN R.O.C..
Un point important après l'achat de l'appareil (ou même avant l'achat) est de lire le manuel d'utilisation. Nous devons le faire pour quelques raisons simples:
Si vous n'avez pas encore acheté Biostar M6VCT c'est un bon moment pour vous familiariser avec les données de base sur le produit. Consulter d'abord les pages initiales du manuel d'utilisation, que vous trouverez ci-dessus. Vous devriez y trouver les données techniques les plus importants du Biostar M6VCT - de cette manière, vous pouvez vérifier si l'équipement répond à vos besoins. Explorant les pages suivantes du manuel d'utilisation Biostar M6VCT, vous apprendrez toutes les caractéristiques du produit et des informations sur son fonctionnement. Les informations sur le Biostar M6VCT va certainement vous aider à prendre une décision concernant l'achat.
Dans une situation où vous avez déjà le Biostar M6VCT, mais vous avez pas encore lu le manuel d'utilisation, vous devez le faire pour les raisons décrites ci-dessus,. Vous saurez alors si vous avez correctement utilisé les fonctions disponibles, et si vous avez commis des erreurs qui peuvent réduire la durée de vie du Biostar M6VCT.
Cependant, l'un des rôles les plus importants pour l'utilisateur joués par les manuels d'utilisateur est d'aider à résoudre les problèmes concernant le Biostar M6VCT. Presque toujours, vous y trouverez Troubleshooting, soit les pannes et les défaillances les plus fréquentes de l'apparei Biostar M6VCT ainsi que les instructions sur la façon de les résoudre. Même si vous ne parvenez pas à résoudre le problème, le manuel d‘utilisation va vous montrer le chemin d'une nouvelle procédure – le contact avec le centre de service à la clientèle ou le service le plus proche.
