Manuel d'utilisation / d'entretien du produit ST973401SS du fabricant Seagate
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Prod uct Ma nu al Savvi o SAS 10035 0598 Rev . D Aug ust 2007 ST97 34 01SS ST93 67 01SS.
Copyri ght © 200 7 Seagat e T echnology LL C. All r ight s reserved . Printed in U.S. A. Pub lication nu mber: 100 35059 8, Rev . D, A ugust 2007 Sea gate, Sea gate T echnolog y and the W ave logo are registe red trade marks of S eagate T echno logy LLC in t he United S tates and/o r othe r countries.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D i Cont ent s 1.0 S cope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 Ap plicable standard s and refe rence docume ntation .
ii Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 6.4.1 T emperatu re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.4.2 Relat ive hum idity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D iii List o f Fi gures Figure 1. Typical S T973401 SS drive + 12V current p rofile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 2. Typical S T973401 SS drive + 5V current pr ofile .
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Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 1 1.0 S cope This ma nual de scribes Sea gate T echnolog y ® LLC, S avvio ® SAS ( Serial At tached SCSI ) d i s c driv es. Savvio drives suppo rt the SAS Protocol specificati o ns to the extent described in this manu al.
2 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 3 2.0 Appl icable st andards an d refere nce docu ment at ion The dr ive has been d evelope d as a system p eriphe ral to the hig hest st and ards of desig n and constru ction.
4 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 2.1.2 Elect roma gn etic com plia nce Seag ate uses an i ndepend ent lab oratory to confirm comp liance w ith the di rectives/st and ards for C E Ma rking and C-T ick Ma rking. The dr ive wa s tested in a repre sent ative system for typica l applications.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 5 2.2 Ref eren ce doc ume nt s Savvio SA S Instal lation Guide Seag ate par t number: 1003 50599 SAS In terface Ma nual Seag ate par t number: 100293071 ANSI SAS Do cuments SFF-82 232.
6 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 7 3.0 General d escription Savvio dr ives com bine T unnel ing Magn etore sistive (T MR) heads an d a Seri al Att ached SCS I (SAS) interface to pro vide hig h pe r.
8 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 3. 1 St and ar d feat u re s Savvio d rives have the followi ng stan dard featu res: • 1.5 / 3 Gb it Serial Att ached SCSI (SAS) inter face • Integrat ed du al.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 9 3.4 Reli abilit y • Mean ti me betwe en failur es (MTB F) of 1 ,400,000 ho urs • LSI circu itry • Balanced low ma ss rotar y voice coil actuator • Incorpor ates in dustry-st andard Sel f-Monitor ing Analysi s and Repo rting T echnology (S .
10 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 3.8 Fa ctor y-ins talled o ption s Y ou m ay order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or packa ged before shipping .
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 11 4.0 Performance cha racteristics This secti on provi des de ta iled i nformati on co ncern ing perf orm ance- rel ate d chara cteristics an d featur es of Sav - vio drives. 4.1 Int e rn al driv e char act eris tic s ST973401SS ST936701SS Drive capacity 73.
12 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 4.2.2 For mat co mmand execut ion tim e for 512-byt e se ctors (mi nutes) 4.2.3 Ge neral perf orma nce cha racter istics ST973401SS ST936701SS Max i mu m ( wi t h.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 13 4.3 St art/ stop time The drive accep ts the comm ands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds af ter DC power has been ap plied.
14 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 2. When a requested logi cal block is reach ed that is not in any cache segment, the dri ve fetches i t and any remain ing requ ested logical block ad dresses from the disc and put s them in a segment of the cache .
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 15 4.5.2 Pre fetch o perat ion If the Prefet ch feature is enabled , da ta in contiguous logical blo cks on the disc immed iately beyond that which was re quested b.
16 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 17 5.0 Reliabili ty specifi cations The follow ing reliab ility specificat ions assume correct hos t and driv e ope ration al int erface, inclu ding all inter - face timi ngs, power supply volt ages, environ mental requir ements and dri ve mounting constraint s.
18 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 5.1.3 Seek errors A seek err or is defined as a failure of the dri ve to pos ition the heads to the addresse d track. Aft er dete cting an initia l seek error , the drive autom ati cally perf orms an error recover y process.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 19 5.2. 3 Hot plu gging th e dri ve When a disc is po wered on by switching the power or hot plugged, th e dri ve runs a self te st before attempting to com municate on it s’ interfaces. When the sel f test com pletes successfull y , the d rive in itiates a Link Reset star ting with O OB.
20 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Re po rti ng co ntr ol Reporti ng is controlled by th e MRIE bits in the Info rma tional Excep tions Con trol mode p age (1C h). Subj ect to the repo rting me thod, the fi rmware wi ll issue to the ho st an 01- 5Dxx sense code.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 21 can be used to set th is t rip poin t. The defau lt val ue for this drive is 65°C, how eve r , you can set it to an y value i n the range of 0 to 65°C. If you specify a tempera ture great e r than 65°C in this fiel d, the temperat ure is roun ded down to 6 5°C.
22 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 5.2.6.2. 1 S t ate of t he drive p rior to t esting The dr ive mu st be in a re ady st ate befor e issuing the Send Diagnos tic command. Ther e are mu ltiple re asons why a drive may not be read y , some of which are valid conditio ns, and not erro rs.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 23 5.2.6.2. 4 Log p age entrie s When the dr ive b egins DST , it create s a new entr y in the Se lf-test Result s Log page. The new ent ry is created by i nserti ng a new self -te st p ar ame ter block a t the beg i nning of t he se l f-test resu lts l og p a rameter section of the log p age .
24 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Produ ct rep ai r and ret urn info rmatio n Seag ate customer service centers are the only facilit ies authorized to service Seag ate drives. Seagate does not sanct ion any third -part y repair facilities. Any unau thor ized re pair or t ampering with the facto ry seal voids the w arranty .
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 25 6.0 Physical/el ectrical spe cifications This secti on pro vides infor mation re lating to the physical and electrica l chara cteristics o f the driv e. 6.1 AC po wer re qu ir em ent s None. 6.2 DC po wer re qu ir em ent s The volta ge and current r equir ements for a s ingle d rive a re show n below .
26 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D [1] Measur ed with average r eadin g DC ammete r . Instan taneou s +12V cur rent peaks will exceed these val - ues.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 27 6.2.1 Cond ucted nois e immu nity Noise is specifi ed as a per iodic and random distr ibution of fre quencies cover ing a ba nd from DC to 1 0 MHz. Maximum allowed noise valu es given below ar e peak-to- peak measu rement s and apply at the d rive p ower connector .
28 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Figure 2. T ypical ST973401SS drive +12V current profile Figure 3. T ypical ST973401SS drive +5V current profile.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 29 Figure 4. T ypical ST936701SS drive +12V current profile Figure 5. T ypical ST936701SS drive +5V current profile.
30 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 6. 3 Po wer di ssipati on ST973401 SS in 3 Gbit oper ation T ypical power dissip ation under idle co nditions in 3Gb o peration i s 7.43 watt s (2 5.35 BTU s per hour ). T o obta in operating powe r for typical rando m read opera tions, re fer to the following I/O ra te curve (s ee Figure 6 ).
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 31 ST936701 SS in 3 Gbit oper ation T ypical power dissip ation under idle co nditions in 3Gb o peration i s 7.49 watt s (2 5.56 BTU s per hour ). T o obta in operating powe r for typical rando m read opera tions, re fer to the following I/O ra te curve (s ee Figure 6 ).
32 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 6.4 Enviro nmental limi t s T emper ature and hum idity values exp erienced by the dr iv e must be such t hat condensation does not occur on any dr ive p art. A ltitude a nd atmosp heric p ressure sp ecificati ons are reference d to a stand ard day at 58.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 33 6.4.3 Effecti ve altitu de (sea level) a. Operati ng –1,000 to +10,0 00 feet (–3 05 to +3,048 meter s) b. Non -operating –1,000 to +40,0 00 feet (–3 05 to +12,210 meters) 6.
34 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D d. Packag ed Disc drives shipped as loose load ( not palletized) general freight will be p ackag ed to withst and dr ops fr om hei ghts as de fined in t he tabl e below . Fo r addit ional de tails refer to Seaga te specifica tions 30 190-001 (under 100 l bs/45 kg) or 30191-00 1 (o ver 100 lbs/45 Kg).
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 35 6.4.4.2 V ibration a. Operati ng—nor mal The dr ive as inst alled for normal oper ation, shall co mply wit h the comp lete specifie d perf ormance w hile subjected t o contin uous vibrati on not exce eding 5-500 Hz @ 0.
36 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 6.4.7 A cous tics Soun d power dur ing idle m ode shal l be 3.5 be ls typical when mea sured to ISO 77 79 specifica tion. Ther e will not be any d iscrete to nes more tha n 10 dB above the masking noi se on typical drives wh en mea - sured ac cording to Seaga te specificat ion 305 53-001.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 37 6. 5 M echa ni cal s peci fic ati ons The follow ing nominal dimensions ar e exclusive of the decorative fron t pa nel accessory . Howe ver , dime nsions of the fro nt p anel ar e shown i n figu re belo w . Refer to F igure 12 for deta i led mou nting conf i gura tion di me nsions.
38 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 39 7.0 Defect and error management The drive, as deli vered, com plies wit h this p rodu ct manual. The re ad e rror r ates and specified storage cap aci - ties are not de pendent upo n use of defect ma nagement r outines by the host ( initiator ).
40 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D When the RC bit is one , reallocations ar e disabled even if the ARRE or A W RE bit s are one. T he drive will still perfor m dat a re covery actions withi n the li mits d efined by the Read Retr y Count, W rite Retry Co unt, and Recovery T ime Lim it para meter s.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 41 8.0 Inst allation Savvio disc dri ve insta llati on is a p lug-a nd-play process. There are no jumpe rs, switch es, or te rminators on the driv e. SAS drives are designed to be used in a host system t hat provides a SAS-comp atible backplane with bays designed to acco modate the dr ive.
42 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 8.2 Coolin g Cabi net coolin g must be d esigned by the custom er so that the a mbient temp erat ure immed iately sur rounding the driv e will n ot exceed tem perature conditio ns specifie d in Section 6.4.1, "T emp erat ure.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 43 8. 3 Dr iv e mo unti ng Mount the dr iv e using the b ottom or side mo unti ng holes. If you moun t the d ri ve u sing the botto m ho le s, ensu re that you do no t physically disto rt the dr ive by att empting to m ount it on a stif f, non-fl at surface.
44 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 45 9.0 Interface requ irement s This se ction p artiall y describe s the interface req uirement s as i mplement ed on Savvi o drives. Addi tional i nfor - mation is p rovided in the SAS Inter face Manu al (par t number 100293071) .
46 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 9.2 Dual po rt supp or t Savvio S AS drives hav e two indepen dent por ts. These ports may be conn ected in the sam e or differ ent SCSI domains. Eac h drive port has a unique SAS address. The two port s run at the same l ink rate.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 47 9. 3 SC SI c omm and s su ppor te d T able 17 li sts th e SCSI co mmands sup ported by S avvio driv es. T able 17: Co mmand s supp orted by Sa vvio SAS famil y d.
48 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Last n De ferr ed Errors or Asynchro nous Even ts pa ge (0 Bh) N Last n E rror Events page ( 07h) N Non -medi um Error p a ge (06h) Y Page s Supported l ist (00h).
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 49 Read Capacity ( 10) 25h Y Read Capacity ( 16) 9Eh/10 h N Read Defect Dat a (10) 37h Y Read Defect Dat a (12) B7h Y Read Lon g 3Eh Y Rea d Long (16 ) 9Eh/1 1h N R.
50 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D [1] Savvio d rives can format to any multi ple of four bytes per l ogical bl ock in the ra nge 512 to 528 b yt es. [2] Wa r n i n g . P ower lo ss dur ing fla sh progr amming can re sult in firmwar e corru ption. This usual ly makes the driv e inoperab le.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 51 9.3.1 Inquiry dat a T able 18 list s the Inquiry co mma nd dat a that th e dr ive shoul d retur n to the initiato r p er the f ormat gi ven in the SAS In terface Ma nual . T able 18: Savv io inqu iry dat a * Copyright year (changes with actual y ear).
52 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Select command before the drive a chieves operating spee d and is “r eady .” A n attem pt to d o so r esult s in a “Check Cond ition” st a tus.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 53 T able 19: M ode Sense dat a default and ch angeab le values fo r ST973401 SS drive s ST973401SS Byte s 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 .
54 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D T able 20: M ode Sense dat a default and ch angeab le values fo r ST936701 SS drive s ST936701SS Byte s 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 55 9. 4 M iscel la neou s oper ati ng fe atur es a nd c ondit io ns T able 21 lists va rious f eatures an d conditio ns. A “Y” in the support colum n indica tes the featu re or con dition is support ed. An “ N” in th e support co lumn ind icates the feat ure o r condition is not supp orted.
56 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 9.4.1 SAS physical interf ace Figure 15 shows the lo cation of th e SAS devi ce conn ecto r J1. Figur es 16 an d 17 pr ovide the d im ension s of the SAS co nnector . Det ails of the ph ysical, electrical, an d logical chara cteristics are provide d within this secti on.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 57 Figu re 16 . SAS de v i ce plug dimen sio ns C OF DATUM B L 5.08 1.27 (6X) 1.27 (14X) 15.875 0.35MIN 15.875 33.43 0.05 B 4.90 0.08 0.84 0.05 (22X) 0.15 B P15 P1 S7 S1 SEE Detail1 0.30 0.05 (4X) 4.00 0.08 0.15 D 0.
58 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Figu re 17 . SAS de v i ce plug dimen sio ns ( de tail ) 6.10 Detail A 0.30 0.05 x 45 (5X) 0.40 0.05 X 45 (3X) CORING ALLOWED IN THIS AREA. 2.25 0.05 4.85 0.05 0.10 B E S14 S8 4.40 0.15 SEE Detail 2 3.90 0.15 SECTION A - A SECTION C - C A 0.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 59 9.4.2 Physical charact er istic s This section define s physical int erface conne ctor . 9.4.3 Connector r equirem ent s Con tact you r prefe rre d connecto r manuf acture r for matin g part in formation.
60 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D T a ble 23: SAS pi n descri ptio ns * - Shor t pin t o support h ot plug ging NC - No connection i n the dr ive. 9.4.6 SAS transm itter s and r eceivers A typ ical SAS dif fere ntial copper tra nsmitter a nd r eceiver p air is show n in Fi gure 18.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 61 9.4.7 P ower The dr ive re ceives powe r (+5 volt s and +12 volt s) throug h the SAS device co nnector . Three +12 volt pi ns provi de po wer to the drive, 2 sh ort a nd 1 long. The cur rent return fo r the +1 2 volt pow er supply is through the com mon ground pins.
62 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D T able 26 d efines t he genera l interfa ce character istics. 9.5.2.1 Eye mask s 9.5.2.1. 1 Eye m asks ov erview The e ye masks ar e graphical represent at ions of the volt a ge and tim e limits o n the signal at the compliance poi nt.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 63 9.5.2.1. 3 Jitter toler ance masks Figure 20 describes the receive to lerance eye masks an d is const ructed using t he X2 an d Z2 values g iven in tabl e 29 .
64 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Figure 21 de fines the sinusoi dal ji tter mask. Figure 21. Sinusoidal jitter mask F NO M / 25, 000 F NO M / 1, 6 67 S inu s oidal j i tt e r f r e qu e ncy ( l og/log plot ) P e a k -to- pe ak si n u so i d a l j i tter (i n U I) F NO M = 1.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 65 9.5.2.2 T ransmi tter si gnal ch aracter istics T able 27 specifies th e signa l requireme nts at the tra nsm itter en d of a TxR x connection as me asured into the zero-le ngth te st load. All sp ecificati ons are b ased on dif ferenti al measur ement s.
66 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 9.5.2.3 Receiver signal charac teristi cs T able 2 8 defi nes the compl iance point req uirement s of t he signal at the r eceiver e nd of a T xRx con nection as measur ed into the te st loads specified in figure 22 a nd figu re 23 .
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 67 9.5.2.3. 2 Rec eiver jitter toler ance T able 30 d efines t he amount of jitter the receiver shall tole rate . 9.5.2.3. 3 Comp liant jit ter tes t p attern ( CJTP A T) The CJTP A T with in a complia nt protoco l fra me is used for al l jitte r testing u nless o therwise specifie d.
68 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D 9.5.2.4 Elect rical T xRx conn ecti ons TxRx conn ections may be d ivided i nto T xRx connecti on segme nts . In a sing le T xRx connecti on indi vidual TxRx connection segmen ts may be forme d from dif fering med ia and mate rials, includi ng traces on print ed wir - ing boa rds and optical fibers.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 69 A com binatio n of a zer o-length t est load and the tran smitter compliance transf er function (TCT F) test load method ology is used for the specifi cat io n of tr ansmit ter char acteristics. This methodology specifies the tra ns - mitter signal at t he test po int s on the req uired test loads.
70 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Figure 22 show s the compli ance inter connect test l oad. Figure 22. Compliance interconnect test l oad Figure 23 sho ws the zero- length test l oad. Figu re 23 . Zer o- l ength test lo ad Figure 24 show s an ISI loss example at 3.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 71 Figure 25 show s an ISI loss example at 1. 5 Gbp s. Figure 25. ISI loss example at 1.5 Gbp s 9.5.2.5 Receiver chara cterist ics The driv e re ceiver i s A.C. coup led. The receive netw o r k termina tes the TxR x conne ction by a 100 ohm eq ui va - lent i mpedance a s specified in tabl e 31 .
72 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 73 10.0 Seagat e T echnolo gy suppo rt service s Inter net For info rma tion regardin g Seagate pr oducts and services, vi sit www .sea g a te.com . Worl dwide sup port is availa ble 24 hour s daily by email fo r your que stions.
74 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D Custo mer Se rvice Op eration s W arranty Ser vice Seag ate of fer s worldw ide custom er supp ort for Seagate pro duct s. Se agate distr ibutor s, OEMs and other di rect customer s should cont act their Sea gate Customer S ervice Operati ons (CSO) repr esent ative for warra nty- related issu es.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 75 Index Numerics 12 volt pin s 61 5 volt pins 61 A abort t ask set function 45 AC coup ling 60 AC powe r re quirements 25 ACA active status 55 ACA acti ve, faulted.
76 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D envi ronmenta l control 35 error manage ment 39 rat es 17 F FCC rules and r egulatio ns 3 feature s 8 interface 45 firmware 8 corrup tion 50 flawe d sector re all.
Savvio SA S Product M anual, Rev. D 77 MTB F 17 , 18 , 32 N noi se audi ble 3 noi se immunity 27 non-op erat ing 32 , 33 , 3 5 temper ature 32 non-op erat ing vibrati on 35 O offi ce environme nt 35 o.
78 Savvio SAS Product Manual , Rev. D start/stop time 13 support services 73 surface s tiffness allowa ble for non- flat su rface 43 switches 41 synchron ized spindle operat ion 55 system cha ssis 43 .
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Seag ate T echnolog y LLC 920 D isc Drive , Scott s V alley , Californ ia 95066- 4544, U SA Public ation N umber: 1 00350598, Rev . D , Printed in USA.
Un point important après l'achat de l'appareil (ou même avant l'achat) est de lire le manuel d'utilisation. Nous devons le faire pour quelques raisons simples:
Si vous n'avez pas encore acheté Seagate ST973401SS c'est un bon moment pour vous familiariser avec les données de base sur le produit. Consulter d'abord les pages initiales du manuel d'utilisation, que vous trouverez ci-dessus. Vous devriez y trouver les données techniques les plus importants du Seagate ST973401SS - de cette manière, vous pouvez vérifier si l'équipement répond à vos besoins. Explorant les pages suivantes du manuel d'utilisation Seagate ST973401SS, vous apprendrez toutes les caractéristiques du produit et des informations sur son fonctionnement. Les informations sur le Seagate ST973401SS va certainement vous aider à prendre une décision concernant l'achat.
Dans une situation où vous avez déjà le Seagate ST973401SS, mais vous avez pas encore lu le manuel d'utilisation, vous devez le faire pour les raisons décrites ci-dessus,. Vous saurez alors si vous avez correctement utilisé les fonctions disponibles, et si vous avez commis des erreurs qui peuvent réduire la durée de vie du Seagate ST973401SS.
Cependant, l'un des rôles les plus importants pour l'utilisateur joués par les manuels d'utilisateur est d'aider à résoudre les problèmes concernant le Seagate ST973401SS. Presque toujours, vous y trouverez Troubleshooting, soit les pannes et les défaillances les plus fréquentes de l'apparei Seagate ST973401SS ainsi que les instructions sur la façon de les résoudre. Même si vous ne parvenez pas à résoudre le problème, le manuel d‘utilisation va vous montrer le chemin d'une nouvelle procédure – le contact avec le centre de service à la clientèle ou le service le plus proche.
