Manuel d'utilisation / d'entretien du produit P841 du fabricant Perle
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Perle P840 Bridge/Router Reference Manual All So ftw are Versio n s Pa rt numb er 5500084-12 © cop yright 2002 b y P erle System s Ltd..
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1 1 Introduc tion Th e P840 rou te r Th e P 840 ro ut er p ro vide s I P an d I PX r o utin g c om b in ed with a pr ot o co l tr ansp ar en t brid ge.
Introduction 2 ARP —Addr es s Re sol ut ion Prot ocol A protocol cal l ed ARP (Addres s R es olu ti on Protoc ol) i s u sed to dete rmine the MAC a dd res s of a pa rti cu l ar IP ad dres s . The MAC (Medium Acces s Control) address i s u niq ue predefi ned number for each devi ce on the LAN.
Introduction 3 • Lo cal ro ut er will r eceiv e the data fra me and strip off the MAC portion. The resu lting IP frame w ill be e xam in ed to determ ine th e destination IP address. • Lo cal ro ut er will lo ok in its ro uting t able t o fin d t he I P add re ss o f th e r o ute r t o sen d th e I P fr ame to nex t.
Introduction 4 Protocol The protocol se cti on i s u se d to i ndi ca te the protoc ol be i ng u s ed by the trans port l ay er. Thi s cou l d be TC P, U DP , or som et h ing else . Time to live The time to liv e secti on is u sed to prevent a fr ame from traver sin g the networ k forever.
Introduction 5 ICMP Messages Internet Control Mess ag e P rotocol (ICMP ) mess a ge s a re u se d to perf orm sta ti on a nd rou ter protocol pa rtic ipa ti on. ICMP me ssages are p a ssed be twe en r o uter s, or b etwe en ro uter s an d stat ion s. Th er e ar e seve ral differe nt m essages, as discussed bel ow.
Introduction 6 RIP— Rou ti n g Inf orm a ti on Pr otocol The most importa nt func tion of the IP protocol i s routi ng . IP route rs c onsta ntl y exc hang e i nforma ti on k eepi ng the ir rou ti ng tabl es up to d ate . A method o f com m un ica tion is requi red t o en sur e co mpatib ility b etween all IP routers in the n etwork .
Introduction 7 IPX Rou tin g and Th e P840 route r Th e P 840 ro ute r may b e use d t o r out e be twe en differ e nt I PX ne t wor ks. Nove ll Netwa re uses a su i te of protocols f or LAN commu ni ca ti ons. The Nov el l protoc ol s i ncl u de IP X, S PX , R IP, SAP , pl u s others, and opera te a t la ye rs 3 a nd a bove .
Introduction 8 Node Addres se s The Node Nu mber identifi es th e indivi dua l stations in a Network. In IPX devi ces, this a ddress i s a ssi gned au toma ti cal l y a nd i s i de ntic al to the MAC a ddr ess .
Introduction 9 Est ablishing an IP X Connec tio n Th e N etwar e m odel is Clie nt /Ser ver , wh ere C lien ts in itiat e c alls t o Se rve rs fo r var io us p urp o ses . T he Clie n ts are made aware of the presenc e of S erv ers by l is teni ng for S erv ic e Adv erti s ement P rotocol (SAP ) broa dca sts .
Introduction 10 SAP Reques ts So m et ime s C lien t s will n eed to find o ut if a sp ec ific S er ver is available. Th is m ay o ccur im med iate ly aft er a Clie n t is brought up, and before i t h as receiv ed any SAP bro adcas ts. The Cli ent (o r a new Serv er) sends out a SAP Req ues t br o adc ast as king f or a sp ec ific S er ver .
Introduction 11 RIP /X Requests A Cl i ent may al s o req ue st a rou te to a gi v en netw ork or serv er. To d o so, the Cli ent g ene rates a R ou te Re q ue st br o adc ast th at th e ro ute r s h ear , an d r o ute rs th at kno w of the ro ute reques te d will re s pond to the ori g ina ti ng sta ti on.
Introduction 12 The I nitia l Bridg ing Pro c ess Eac h t i me a P840 r out er is p owe r ed up , it will p er fo rm ex t en sive h ardware an d soft ware test s to en sure th e int egr ity of the unit and it s att ache d LA N and L ink int erf aces.
Introduction 13 Forw arding Unk now n De stinatio n Addre sse s When a frame is receiv ed from a LAN segment with an unk nown destination address (an address that does not yet ex ist in th e filt er t.
Introduction 14 Agin g E xce pt ion “Perma nent” address entries are an exception to the agi ng rul e. A permanent address i s one that is not subj ect to th e aging tim er an d will rem ain in t he filt er t able fo r an in defin ite p er io d of tim e.
Introduction 15 P840 rou ter Fe atu re De fin iti ons Tel n et A T eln et LA N stat io n or anot h er P840 r out er h as th e abilit y t o c o n ne ct t o t he Op erat or I nt er face o f an y P840 r o ute r su pporti ng the Tel net f ea ture . W ith the T eln et f eat ure , a ll of yo ur P840 ro uter s may be manage d fr o m a singl e point.
Introduction 16 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Graphic Database Post Script ASCII C Source Spreadsheet Binary Pre-compressed Fi le Ty pe Compres sion Ratio Fi gu re 1 — 5 Typ ica l C omp ressio n Rati os b y F ile.
Introduction 17 WAN T op olo gies Th e P840 ro ut er m ay b e c o n ne ct ed to ot h er P840 r out er s in two co nfigurat io n s: M ultip o int or PPP M ultilin k. The WAN routing method used is set in the Re mote Site profile def ined in t he Remo te Site Set-Up Menu.
Introduction 18 To set u p a Ba ndw id th on Dema nd i ns tal l a tion, you mus t choos e the throu g hput l ev el tha t w ill be r e quire d fo r act ivatin g the st and -b y link. Th e th ro ughput level is m eas ure d in p er ce n t age o f use o f t h e p r imar y link.
19 2 ISD N Conne cti on M ana gem ent P840 ISD N Co nnectio n Manag ement In t h e wo r ld o f IS DN th e ab ility t o de cr ease connection t ime is a finan cial bonu s in th e LA N in terconnecting marketpl ace.
ISDN Connection Management 20 Aut o-Call (Tim e- of-Day Conn ect ions) An Aut o -C all con n ect ion is an I SD N co n ne ct io n t hat is est ab lishe d eac h time t h e P840 att em p ts to start th e li nk.
ISDN Connection Management 21 Address Conn ect An Add res s Connec t connec tion i s a n ISDN c onnecti on tha t i s es tabl i s hed to a s peci fi c des ti na tion P 8 40 dependent u pon the desti na tion net work address cont a ined w ithin traf f ic r eceive d fr om t he l ocal L A N.
ISDN Connection Management 22 Com binat ion A combi na ti on of the Addre ss Con nect an d A uto-C all opt io ns m ay be c o nf i gur ed whe n a se mi-per manent conne c ti on is req ui red to one remote site an d a dyn amic conne c tio n is r e quired to mul ti ple sites.
ISDN Connection Management 23 Protocol A waren es s For Co nn ection M anagement to be effective, each of the P840s must be aware of th e pro tocols used within the data being transferred over the ISDN call s between them .
ISDN Connection Management 24 P840 Session Pa rtici pation ( Spoofing) Whi le an IS DN cal l i s up an d connected , a ll tra ff ic w ithin the s es s ions will be c o ns idere d interes ting a nd will be tr an sfer re d t o th e par tn er P840 acr oss t h e I SD N call.
ISDN Connection Management 25 Term inat ion Proces s Whe n th e P840 has de te rm in ed t hat t here are no ses sion s acti ve on a n ISDN call, the P 840 will att e mpt to clo se the ca l l.
ISDN Connection Management 26 IP X Spec ifics RIP/IPX and SA P/IPX P840 ISD N r out er s in co rp orat e a 3 sec on d sett lin g tim e fo r IP X RIP and SAP upd ate s.
27 3 Interfaces Reference Pino ut I nfo rm ati on Conso le Connec to r Th e con so le c on nect or o n th e P840 is a DC E in t er fac e o n a RJ 45 pino ut . T he supp lied DB 9 t o RJ 45 con ver te r sh ould b e us ed t o co n ne c t t o t he D B9 c o nn ect or of a D TE te r min al.
28 4 Event Logs Th e P 840 ro ut er gen er ates eve n t lo gs fo r vario us fun ct io ns p erfo rm ed by t he b ridge /r o ute r. All o f t h e e ven t logs are sto r ed in the internal ev ent log fi l e, whi ch is acces si ble throug h the Network Ev ents menu.
Event Logs 29 Compl eted BCP neg oti ati on w i th <re mote s i te a li a s > Genera ted w hen the Bri d gi ng Control Protoc ol negoti a ti on has been c omple ted w i th the remote s i te dev i ce ass ociated with t he stated rem ote site profile.
Event Logs 30 Error executing: XXXXXX Genera ted whe n an error i s d etec ted loa di ng bac k a c onfi g ur ati on. The inv a li d com man d i s sp ec i fie d. Idle timeout expired, dis conected ISDN link has ha d no t raffi c for longer than specifi ed by the idle ti mer and has been disconnected.
Event Logs 31 LCP X a u thenti ca ting pe er wi th PAP Generated when th is devi ce is u sing PAP to authenticate the peer (rem ote) device. LCP X esta bl i shi ng Gen er ated wh en th e Lin k Con tr ol Pr ot oco l of a PPP link o r re mo te site is est ablishing betwe en th is device and t he r em ot e site PPP device.
Event Logs 32 Res tori ng boot DNLDSEG config u ra tion Genera ted u pon ente ring Netw ork Load Mode to i ni ti al i z e s peci fi c c onfi g ura ti on i nforma ti on re qu i red for retriev i ng new code i mag e. Generated upon enter ing operat i onal afte r a successful c od e bur n into fl ash .
Event Logs 33 Sta rting IPX CP neg oti ati on w i th <re mote s i te a li a s> Genera ted when the Internet P ac ke t Excha ng e Control Pr otocol neg otia ti on has bee n ini ti a ted w i th the remote site device a ssoci ated wi th th e stated remote site profile.
Event Logs 34 Ala rm log s: * Bad i nternal block check su m detected Ge n er at ed wh en power up diag nos tics fi nds a fault in th e in te rn al b lock of t he EEPRO M. * Clos i ng remote s i te X (ca l l l im it) Generated when the specified nu mber o f cal ls has been exceeded.
Event Logs 35 * Cl osi ng re mote si te X (su s pens ion ti meou t) Genera ted d ue to rea ching m ax imum t ime th at the connection ma y b e suspe nded. * Clos ing r em o te sit e X ( usage lim it) Genera ted d ue to reachin g u s ag e limit fo r t his 24 hour pe rio d.
Event Logs 36 * DH CP s erv er – ou t of a ddre ss es in IP pool Genera ted w hen the la s t add res s f rom the DHCP IP Ad dres s pool has been as s ig ned to a de vi ce .
Event Logs 37 * FTP server added t o firewall The IP addres s of the FTP serv er added to the table of s ervi ces a va il a ble through the firew al l. * FTP serv er removed from fire wa ll Th e I P addre ss of th e FTP server re m oved fr o m t he ta ble of servi ces available throu gh the f ire w a ll.
Event Logs 38 * Li nk X Di sconne ct: Y Genera ted w hen the d i sconne ct of a n ISDN c al l i s c omple ted. This ev ent i s g ene rate d on both si de s of the IS DN ca ll. T he cause will b e o ne o f t he cause s as spec ified in the CCIT T Reco mme nd atio n Q.
Event Logs 39 Code De sc ri ption 055 056 057 058 063 065 In com in g calls b ar red w ith in CUG Call wa itin g n ot s ub scr ibed Bearer cap ab ility no t a uth orized Bearer ca p ab ility n ot p re.
Event Logs 40 * Lin k X do wn Gen erated when a WAN link goes down. * Li nk X dow n to < remote si te a l i as > Genera ted whe n a P PP ISDN c al l to a remote si te is dropped . * Li nk X dow n to < remote si te a l i as > Generated when a W AN li nk connect ion to th e specif ied remote site goes down.
Event Logs 41 * Local DNS ser ver added to firewal l The IP addres s of the Local DNS server a dded to th e table of servi ces av ai la ble throug h the firewa ll . * Local DNS serv er removed from f irewa l l Th e I P addr ess of th e L oc al DNS ser ver r e mov ed fr om t he ta ble of se rvices availabl e throu gh the f ir ew a ll .
Event Logs 42 * Old down load m et h od ! L o ad in ”*. all” file Ge n er ate d wh e n an at te m pt is made to lo ad a *.f cs o r *.lda f or m at p rogr am file in to har dwar e whic h will on l y a ccept *.
Event Logs 43 * R u nni ng i n Sys tem Load mode Ge ne r ate d wh en e nt er i ng Sy ste m Lo ad Mod e in p re para t ion for a downloa d of code to be burn e d into f las h.
Event Logs 44 * U nabl e to bind UD P Boot P ser ver port Generated as a resul t of an internal dev ice error. Try resetti ng the devi ce. If this i s u nsu ccess ful , contact a s ervi ce representativ e. * U na ble to bind UDP DHCP ser ver port Generated a s a resu lt of an i nternal de vi ce error.
Event Logs 45 PPP Secu rity logs: CHAP a uthe ntica ti on fa i lu re s o termi nate l i nk . Genera ted when the CHAP au thenti ca tion sent by this router i n res ponse to a re qu es t f rom a remote si te i s rejected.
46 5 Programmable Filtering Pro gra mm ab le filt er in g gives t he ne tw ork manag er t he a b ility to control und er wh at con ditions Et her ne t fra me s are forwa rded acros s bridg e or bridg e/ rou ter ports.
Fil ter in g 47 Se curity—“ Filt e r if Des tinat ion” Filt er if De st in atio n is a funct i on th at allo ws yo u to filter an Et h er n et fr ame b ased o n t h e d est in atio n of its addr es s. If th e destinati on a ddress equal s the address that th e Fil ter if Destination function has been appli ed to, th e frame is fil tered.
Fil ter in g 48 Se curit y—“ Filter if S ource ” Fil ter if So urce is a function th at al low s you to fi lter an Ethernet frame if the source a ddress of the fra me equa ls the ad dres s tha t the F ilter if So urce fun ctio n has bee n a ppl ied t o.
Fil ter in g 49 8 Th e b r idge/ r out er will pr o m pt yo u fo r th e L AN th at th e stat io n is loc at ed on ; en te r t he n am e o f the p ar tn er br idge/r out er L AN ( LA N345678, fo r e xam p le) .
Fil ter in g 50 5 From the MAC ADDR ESS F ILTERS ME NU, enter a 1. Th is will p lace y ou a t the fir st EDIT MA C AD DRES S F IL TER MENU screen. At the prompt enter the MAC addre ss for which yo u w ant to sp ecify th e filter .
Fil ter in g 51 4 From the MAC AD DRESS FILTERS MENU , make s ure that the Fil ter Operation is currently s et to “nega tiv e”. Th is will c ause t he M AC Ad dr ess Filt er s sp ec ifie d t o be use d fo r fo rwar ding fr am es wit h th e spe cif ied M AC addresse s.
Fil ter in g 52 Patt ern F ilter Oper ato rs Th e f ollo wing op erat o rs are use d in cr eat ing Pat te r n f ilte r s an d will b e d iscuss ed furt her in th e follo wing page s. Fo r ad di ti onal i nforma ti on ref er to the octe t loc ati ons di a gra ms at the ba ck of this ma nua l .
Fil ter in g 53 In Local Area Netw ork s there ma y be many d i ff erent Netw ork a nd Tra nsport l a yer protocol s tha t coexi s t on the sa me phys i cal medi a . TCP/IP , DECNET, and XNS are j u s t a f ew of the c ommon protocol s i n u se toda y.
Fil ter in g 54 In th is cas e, whenever a frame i s recei v ed, the frame w ill be f ilte re d if th e p rot oco l ty pe is NO T e qual to 0800 (I P) .
Fil ter in g 55 Transp ort Cont rol Prot ocol / In te rne t Prot ocol (TCP/IP) The previ ou s exa mple s how ed how to fi lte r a l l Ethernet f rame s that conta ine d a n IP protocol pa ck et. H ow ev er, IP is us ed as the Netw ork -l aye r protocol for more tha n 4 0 di ff erent Tra nsport-l a yer protoc ols , TCP bei ng onl y one of them.
Fil ter in g 56 DEC DE C uses pro t oc o l ty pe s 6000 to 600F , and alth ough som e are un de fine d, a sim p le filter m ask can b e c re at ed t o filte r all DE C t raf fic. Filt er all DE C Th e m ask to filt er all DE C t raffic wo uld be : 1 2-600X The X is a var iable r ep r ese n tin g t he last fo ur bit s (a nib ble) o f t he t yp e.
Fil ter in g 57 General Restric tio ns Bridg e Fi lter Ma sk s may be crea ted to generall y restri ct acces s for v ari ous pu rposes. Some of these purposes may be to fi lter spec if i c combin at ions of inform atio n.
Fil ter in g 58 Mask Co mbin ati on s Mask com binations may be requ ired to ensu re th at a f rame is suf fi ciently q ua li fi ed before the decisi on to fi lter is mad e. Th e qualifica tion a f r ame must go thro u gh befor e a fil ter d e ci si o n is mad e depe nds on the re as on for t he filter .
Fil ter in g 59 IP Ro uter P att ern Fi lt ering Pa ttern fi lte ring ma y be u s ed on a ny porti on of the IP f ra me. IP pattern f i l teri ng be hav es the s ame as bri dg e pa ttern fi l teri n g, except the start of the IP frame is off set 0 , becaus e the IP router functi on of the bridge /router handles only the IP f rame its elf.
60 6 Frame Formats This a ppendi x prov i de s octe t loc ati ons for the v a ri ou s porti ons of three of the common Etherne t fra mes . Whe n c rea ting pat ter n filte r s t he se diagr ams will assist in th e cor rect defin itio n of th e pat t er n s.
Frame Format s 61 ETHERNET TYPE CODES Type Code Descr ipti on 0800 DOD I P 0801 X.75 I nt ernet 0804 Ch aos net 0805 X.25 Lev el 3 0806 A RP 0807 XN S C om pati b ility 6001 DEC M OP Dum p/Load 6002 D.
Frame Format s 62 Octet Locations on an IPX Route d Novell Netwa re Frame Octet Location s on a Bridged X NS Frame.
Un point important après l'achat de l'appareil (ou même avant l'achat) est de lire le manuel d'utilisation. Nous devons le faire pour quelques raisons simples:
Si vous n'avez pas encore acheté Perle P841 c'est un bon moment pour vous familiariser avec les données de base sur le produit. Consulter d'abord les pages initiales du manuel d'utilisation, que vous trouverez ci-dessus. Vous devriez y trouver les données techniques les plus importants du Perle P841 - de cette manière, vous pouvez vérifier si l'équipement répond à vos besoins. Explorant les pages suivantes du manuel d'utilisation Perle P841, vous apprendrez toutes les caractéristiques du produit et des informations sur son fonctionnement. Les informations sur le Perle P841 va certainement vous aider à prendre une décision concernant l'achat.
Dans une situation où vous avez déjà le Perle P841, mais vous avez pas encore lu le manuel d'utilisation, vous devez le faire pour les raisons décrites ci-dessus,. Vous saurez alors si vous avez correctement utilisé les fonctions disponibles, et si vous avez commis des erreurs qui peuvent réduire la durée de vie du Perle P841.
Cependant, l'un des rôles les plus importants pour l'utilisateur joués par les manuels d'utilisateur est d'aider à résoudre les problèmes concernant le Perle P841. Presque toujours, vous y trouverez Troubleshooting, soit les pannes et les défaillances les plus fréquentes de l'apparei Perle P841 ainsi que les instructions sur la façon de les résoudre. Même si vous ne parvenez pas à résoudre le problème, le manuel d‘utilisation va vous montrer le chemin d'une nouvelle procédure – le contact avec le centre de service à la clientèle ou le service le plus proche.
