Manuel d'utilisation / d'entretien du produit DSViewTM du fabricant Avocent
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Installer/User Guide DSView ™.
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DSView ™ Installer/User Guide Avocent, the Avocent logo, The Power of Being There, OutLook, DSView, AutoView, DSR, Dambrackas Video Compression, Click and Connect and OSCAR are trademarks or registered trademarks of Avocent Corporation or its affiliates.
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Ta b l e of Contents Chapter 1: Product Overview Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Features and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chapter 2: Installation Installing the DS Management Software Suite .
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Contents 1 Product Overview Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Features and Benefits . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 1: Product Overview 3 Chapter 1: Product Overview Overview The DS Management Software suite is used to manage DS, DSR and CPS net- work appliances and SPC power control devices.
4 DSView Installer/User Guide Figure 1.1: Example System Configuration Using DS Management Software Features and Benefits Network rebooting and troubleshooting The DSView interface uses industry stand.
Chapter 1: Product Overview 5 Creating and managing user permissions The DSAdmin and DSAuth applications provide centralized network access, control and security for DS appliances. DSAdmin configures DS topology, permissions and per-device contact information.
6 DSView Installer/User Guide.
Contents 2 Inst al lation Installing the DS Management Software Suite . . . . . . . 9.
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Chapter 2: Installation 9 Chapter 2: Installation Installing the DS Management Software Suite Installation of the DS Management Software suite is comprised of three steps: • Installing t he DSA ut h.
10 DSView Installer/User Guide 3. When prompted to select a program to install, select Install DSAuthentication Server . The software will check the Avocent web site to ensure you have the latest version of the DSAuth Server software. If a newer version is found, it will be automatically downloaded.
Chapter 2: Installation 11 7. When the DSAuth Server has finished installing, a system reboot is required. Installing DSAdmin DSAdmin is the administrative front end for the DSAuth Server that is used to configure user information and access levels.
12 DSView Installer/User Guide Installing the DSView Client The DS View Client displays a listing of serve rs that an individual user can access. The DSAuth Serv er will check your NT domain cached credentials and provide a list of t arget devices available to you.
Contents 3 Basic Op erations Launching the DS Management Software . . . . . . . . . . 15 Working with the DS Management Software . . . . . . . 15 Viewing Target Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Adding and Configuring DS Appliances and Target Devices .
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Chapter 3: Basic Operations 15 Chapter 3: Basic Operations Launching the DS Management Software This section describes how to launch the DS Management Software so that you may begin using it to manage DS appliances and target devices. To launch DSAdmin: Select Start - Programs - Avocent - DSAdmin .
16 DSView Installer/User Guide Figure 3.1: DSAdmin, DSView Client and Remote Session Windows A. Title bar: Displays the currently-selected port from the Node Manager. B. Menu bar: Allows you to access many of the features in the remote session window.
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 17 DS topology view In the DS topology view, DS appliances and target devices are arranged in a tree structure. Available DS appliances and target devices are listed vertically by name or IP address. Each appliance can be expanded to display attached devices.
18 DSView Installer/User Guide If a KVM switch is attached to one or more of these ports, double-clicking on the port name will display the channels on that KVM switch. Server view In server view, available target devices are listed by name only. Figure 3.
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 19 Icons Icon Description DS appliance (DS topology view) A target device attached to a DS appliance or KVM switch CPS appliance (DS topology view) An SPC port (DS topology.
20 DSView Installer/User Guide Not powered Ports that are not powered will have a grey icon covered by a black “X.” The power state of a CPS800 or CPS1600 appliance attached to a DS/DSR appliance will appear as Unknown. Port status reporting can be toggled by selecting File - Enable Port Status .
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 21 To add a new DS/DSR appliance to the system: 1. Load the DSAdmin software. 2. Double-click on the icons labeled Topology and then Your Network . A listing of all DS appliances accessible by the system will be displayed. 3.
22 DSView Installer/User Guide 5. Y ou will see a list of ports and a c orresponding drop-down menu beside it. Using the drop-down menu, selec t the number of channels supported by the K VM switch you are confi guring. Repeat this procedure for every KVM switch you plan to configure.
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 23 6. Enter a name for the CPS appliance and select the type of CPS appliance that you are adding. 7. Click on the Ports tab.
24 DSView Installer/User Guide 2. Click the Link button. The Server/SPC Outlet Links dialog box will appear, containing a list of all SPC device names that are present on the DSAuth Server. Any SPC devices that were previously linked to DS appliance ports also appear at the bottom of the dialog box.
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 25 4. If desired, type a name in the Name field and modify any other information in the dialog box. 5. Click the OK button. Adding and Managing DS Users Adding DS users You must add DS users within DSView in order for them to have access to the system.
26 DSView Installer/User Guide 3. Click on the new DS user’s name and check the access boxes appropriately. To change default DS user permissions: 1. Right-click on the DS appliance or port you wish to change and select the Permissions command. 2. A DS user listing will appear.
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 27 NOTE : If you remove all permissions from a por t or DS appliance, a ccess to t hat port or DS appliance will b e lo st. Setting the Remote Session Window Size Before using DSView for the first time, you will need to enter the default remote session window resolution.
28 DSView Installer/User Guide If a DSView user starts a video session by double-clicking on a port or chan- nel and a color depth setting has not been previously specified, the Video Set- tings dialog box will appear. The specified setting will be used globally for all ports or channels and any remote session windows opened from the ports.
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 29 2. Move the slider to the Best Color position. - or - Move the slider to the middle position. - or - Move the slider to the Best Compression position. - or - Select the Grayscale Video checkbox. 3. Click OK to apply y our c hanges.
30 DSView Installer/User Guide Figure 3.6: The Remote Session Window Using Privacy mode If a DS user needs to access a port while excluding all others, Privacy mode is used. When a port is selected in Privacy mode, no other DS user in the system may switch to that port.
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 31 Sharing a device session When you attempt to access a port already in use, you will receive a notifica- tion message that the port is in use along with the name of the current DS user(s). At this point, you may request to share access to the port with the cur- rent DS user(s).
32 DSView Installer/User Guide 2. Select one of the following from the General tab: • Default System Timeout V alues - The v alue set by an A dminist rator and stored on t he DSA ut h Serv er (default ). • No T imeout - A remot e session will nev er t ime-out due t o inactivit y .
Chapter 3: Basic Operations 33 To terminate the current DS user session using the Disconnect command: 1. Select a port in the DSAdmin or DSView Client window and then select File - Disconnect . A message box will appear prompting you t o confi rm the termination of the current DS user connection.
34 DSView Installer/User Guide 3. Do one of the following: • Click On t o turn t he S PC on. • Click Off t o turn t he S PC off. • Click Reb oot to reboot t he S PC and any attac hed serv ers. The S PC device’s On or Off st a t e will remain the same as t he last time t he Pow er St ate dialog box w as ac cessed.
Contents 4 Advanced O perations Changing the System Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Configuring the Event Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Setting Up a DSAuth Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Altering Settings in DSView .
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Chapter 4: Advanced Operations 37 Chapter 4: Advanced Operations Changing the System Settings Depending on the level of security that you require, certain settings may be configured via the use of DSAdmin’s System Settings dialog box. These options may be accessed by selecting Options - System Settings .
38 DSView Installer/User Guide NOTE : When ch anging the locat i on of the Audit log, the Administra tor mu st ma ke sur e that t he ful l pa th chosen e xists , is accessible t o both t he primary and backu p DSAuth Servers and is mapped to the same letter fo r bot h mac hine s .
Chapter 4: Advanced Operations 39 Right- click and selec t Disconnect from the short cut menu. A message box will appear prompting you to disconnec t the local port session. 3. Click Disconnect . Another message box will appear prompting for ve r i fi ca t ion that the c urrent connec tion should be t ermina t ed.
40 DSView Installer/User Guide 3. Enter t he communit y of the t raps y ou wish t o log in the S N M P Trap Community t ext fi eld. The default communit y is public. 4. In the Delet e logfi les older than text fi eld, specify t he number of da ys to keep the audit log fi le.
Chapter 4: Advanced Operations 41 3. In the left viewer pane, click on Application Log and then choose Action - Properties from the menu at the top of the window. This will acti- vate the Application Log Properties window. 4. Select Overwrite Events as Needed and click OK .
42 DSView Installer/User Guide 2. Click on the primary/backup server pair that you wish to use and click OK . If you select the Show on Startup box, you will be prompted to select a server pair every time that you start the machine. To add a backup DSAuth Server: 1.
Chapter 4: Advanced Operations 43 2. Within the dialog box, change the mode of operation to Backup Server and enter the name of the primary DSAuth PC. When prompted, restart the service. 3. From the Start menu, select Settings - Control Panel and double-click on the DS Auth Configuration icon on the backup DSAuth PC.
44 DSView Installer/User Guide 2. Choose a resolution. Your desktop will be resized to the resolution speci- fied. Repeat this command to return to your original resolution. DSView also supports a user-defined default window size that is applied to every software session.
Chapter 4: Advanced Operations 45 used. If you choose to use global macros, a temporary copy of the global macro file will be transferred to DSView from the DSAuth Server. To use local macros, go to the DSView Client Node Manager window and select T ools - K eyboard - Local Macros .
46 DSView Installer/User Guide Programming a keyboard macro If you require a key sequence that is not pre-programmed into the DS/DSR appliance, you may add a macro by performing the following steps. To add a macro: 1. From the Node Manager window, select Tools - Keyboard - Macros to add a local macro.
Chapter 4: Advanced Operations 47 The macro will now appear in the macro list and also in the macro com- mands on every DS/DSR appliance’s window. Example: creating a macro where the Ctrl k ey is held while F1 -F2-F3 are typed: 1. Enter a name for the macro.
48 DSView Installer/User Guide 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 with F2 and F3 . 6. The last step is to release the Ctrl key. Double-click on Left Ctrl in the middle list. The command Release [Left Ctrl] will appear in the third list. Figure 4.4: The Completed Macro 7.
Chapter 4: Advanced Operations 49 To activate a macro group: 1. Select Keyboard - Toolbar Macro Set from the remote session window. 2. Select the macro group you wish to use. The macros belonging to the group you selected will appear along the top of the remote session window.
50 DSView Installer/User Guide Adjusting Video Parameters In some situations, DS users may wish to view several target devices at the same time on the same screen. In most cases, you will not need to alter the Video Settings from the default. The system will automatically adjust and use the optimal video parameters.
Chapter 4: Advanced Options 51 Figure 4.6: Video Adjustments Dialog Box Figure 4.7: Video Adjustments Dialog Box (Standard Video Compression) (DSR DVC Upgrade) Modified video settings are written to the target device.
52 DSView Installer/User Guide To move the screen to the right, click the Up Arrow on the Left/Right setting. Clicking the Down Arrow moves the image to the left. Similarly, the image may be moved up and down. Moving the mouse into the remote session window will show if the correction is complete.
Chapter 4: Advanced Options 53 Noise Threshold and Priority Threshold (Standard Video Compression) The Noise Threshold and Priority Threshold values set the minimum levels in terms of changed pixels per thousand that are allowed without updating the video block.
54 DSView Installer/User Guide Video scaling At times, a user may connect to a computer running at a higher resolution than that configured at the user’s remote system. When this occurs, the host system will be displayed in a DSView window with scroll bars.
Chapter 4: Advanced Options 55 To update fi rmware: 1. Select File - Update Firmware from the DSAdmin main menu. The Appli- ance Firmware Update dialog box appears. 2. In the spaces provided, enter the filename of the update firmware and the IP address of the TFTP server where it is stored.
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Contents Appendic e s Appendix A: Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Appendix B: TCP Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Appendix C: Telnet Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Appendix D: Terminal Emulation .
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Appendices 59 Appendices Appendix A: Technical Support Our Technical Support staff is ready to assist you with any installation or operating issues you encounter with your Avocent product. If an issue should develop, follow the steps below for the fastest possible service: 1.
60 DSView Installer/User Guide Appendix B: TCP Ports When the DSView Client is launched, the Node Manager will become active. Node Manager will attempt to establish a Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI) Messenger Class session using TCP/IP over port 2068 to the DSAuth Server (Authentication Service).
Appendices 61 After the browse list is returned to Node Manager, the user may double-click on a specific port to initiate a KVM session with that port on the DS appliance. The DSView Client contacts the DSAuth Server, which checks the permissions on the port again.
62 DSView Installer/User Guide Figure B.3: DSView Client Establishing a Session with a DS Unit If the DSView user wishes to establish a session with another port on the DS appliance, the same process is used.
Appendices 63 DSAdmin functions similarly to the DSView Client. It establishes a connec- tion using TCP/IP port 2068, and uses the same process for authentication and return of the browse list. Changes made to the browse list through DSAdmin are transmitted back to the DSAuth Server using TCP/IP port 8190.
64 DSView Installer/User Guide Figure B.6: Full Diagram Avocent Service TCP/IP Port 2068 T CP/IP Port 8 1 92 DSAdmin Client T CP/IP Port 8 1 92 Avocent Service DSAdmin Client T CP/IP Port 8 1 91 Avoce.
Appendices 65 Appendix C: Telnet Operations DSView ships bundled with a built-in proprietary Telnet application that provides features unavailable in many other Telnet programs. These features include configurable session properties tailored for each device, and configu- rable user preferences for all sessions.
66 DSView Installer/User Guide In Plain Text mode, all data is sent unencrypted to the DS appliance. When Plain Text mode is used, any Telnet application that supports VT52, VT100, VT100+, VT102, VT220, VT320 or ASCII terminal emulation may be used to access the DS appliance.
Appendices 67 - or - If the Discover Configured Devices method is used, the security value that is reported by the DS appliance is used. - or - When the Manually Add a Device method is used, a default value of Plain Text is used.
68 DSView Installer/User Guide To open a DSView T elnet session with a target device: 1. In the D SV iew tree view , select a generic device. 2. Selec t Device - T elnet from the menu bar . - or - Click t he La unch T elnet to the selected device ic on in the t oolbar .
Appendices 69 2. In the Caret list , choose Block to display the c ursor as a block or choose Underline to display t he cursor as an underline. The default v alue is Underline. Enabling and disabling the exit warning prompt When the exit warning prompt is enabled, a message appears when you select Telnet - Exit .
70 DSView Installer/User Guide Changing the terminal emulation mode You may set the DSView Telnet application to emulate ASCII, VT100, VT100+, VT102, VT52, VT220 or VT320 terminals, depending on the connected device. Appendix D contains encoding and decoding information for each of the termi- nal emulation types.
Appendices 71 3. In the Arrow K ey s list , choose either VT1 00 or ANS I . T he default value is VT1 0 0. Changing the terminal type The terminal type is used during Telnet session negotiation. You may change this value at any time. To change the terminal type: 1.
72 DSView Installer/User Guide If the New Line Mode - Outbound box is checked, an outbound c arriage return t o the device will always be follo w ed by a linefeed charact er . If not ch ecked, a linefeed is not sent with a c arriage return. T he default value is disabled for in bound and out bound.
Appendices 73 To enable/disable 7 -bit ASCII: 1. S elec t Options - Session Properties from the menu bar . - or - Click t he Session Settings icon in the t oolbar . 2. Click t he T erminal tab. 3. Enable or disa ble t he Strip 8th Bit chec kbo x. The default v alue is disabled.
74 DSView Installer/User Guide 6. In the S end box, type the Ø-3 2 alphanumeric charact er string t hat y ou wish to send in response t o the Expec t string. S paces are allow ed, and a blank fi eld is v alid. A C R or C R+LF is appended to t he string, based on t he Ne w Line Mode - Out bound setting.
Appendices 75 To move up (back) one page in the DSView T elnet history: Select View - Previous Page from the menu bar. - or - Click the left-arrow-and-bar icon in the toolbar. To move down (forward) one page in the DSView T elnet history: Select View - Next Page from the menu bar.
76 DSView Installer/User Guide menu, you may execute the macro during a Telnet session either by selecting it from the Macros menu or by pressing the defined hotkey on your keyboard. You may also define one or more macro groups, then add macros to the groups.
Appendices 77 8. Click the OK button. This returns you to the Macros dialog box, and the newly created macro appears in the Defined Macros table. 9. Click the Close button. To edit an existing macro: 1. Select Macros - Configure from the menu bar. The Macros dialog box appears.
78 DSView Installer/User Guide To enable a macro group for use during T elnet sessions: 1. Select Options - Session Properties from the menu bar. - or - Click the Session Settings icon in the toolbar.
Appendices 79 The default log directory is session-specific, that is, each Telnet session may have its own location for storing logfiles. You may change the name of the file and the location of the directory that stores the logfiles. If you do not change the default directory, logfiles are stored in your home directory.
80 DSView Installer/User Guide 3. Enable the Log g ing checkbox. 4. The Default Directory fi eld displays the current default loc ation for logfi les. If that is the desired direc tory , c lick OK . If y ou wish to c hange the default log fi le direct ory , see To change the default log fi le directory.
Appendices 81 4. Click Lo g t o confi rm the direc tory selec tion and begin logging. - or - Click Cancel t o e xit t he dialog box and cancel t he request to st art logging. When logging begins, the Logging Status label will indicate Logging . To pause logging: Select Options - Logging - Pause from the menu bar.
82 DSView Installer/User Guide To copy DSView T elnet session history data: 1. S elec t View - History from the menu bar . - or - Click t he History icon in t he toolbar . 2. Selec t Options - Copy Screen from the menu bar . - or - Click t he Copy Screen icon in the t oolbar .
Appendices 83 Appendix D: Terminal Emulation This appendix contains information about the keys, sequences, encoding and decoding for the DS Management S oftware terminal emulation modes. Encode refers to how the Client application processes typed keys.
84 DSView Installer/User Guide VT100+ terminal emulation The VT100+ emulation mode provides compatibility with the Microsoft head- less server EMS serial port interface. DSView Telnet VT100+ terminal emula- tion works identically to VT100, with the exception of support for the function keys listed in the following table.
Appendices 85 VT100 terminal emulation The following table lists the VT100 special key and control ( Ctrl ) key combina- tions and indicates Avocent encoding/decoding support, where Yes = sup- ported and No = not supported.
86 DSView Installer/User Guide Keys Hex Code Function Mnemonic Encode/Decode Ctrl+U 1 5 NAK Y es/No Ctrl+V 1 6 S YN Y es/No Ctrl+W 1 7 ETB Y es/No Ctrl+X 1 8 CAN Y es/No Ctrl+Y 1 9 EM Y es/No Ctrl+Z 1.
Appendices 87 The following table lists the ANSI mode control sequences for VT100 terminal emulation and indicates Avocent encoding/decoding support, where Yes = supported and No = not supported.
88 DSView Installer/User Guide Control Sequence Defi nition Encode/Decode Esc D Index No/Y es Esc E Next Line No/Y es Esc M Reverse Index No/Y es Esc c Reset to Initial State No/No Esc [ Ps; Ps;..;Ps 1 Reset Mode No/No Esc ( A Select Character Set GØ U.
Appendices 89 Control Sequence Defi nition Encode/Decode Esc [ 2 Ø h Modes to Set - New Line No/Y es -> Only supports linefeed/new line column mode wraparound Esc [ 2 Ø l Modes to Reset - Linefeed No/Y es -> Only supports linefeed/new line column mode wraparound Esc [ ? 1 h Modes to Set - Cursor K ey Mode Appl.
90 DSView Installer/User Guide VT220 terminal emulation The following table lists the keystroke mapping (encoding) for VT220 emulation. V T220 Encoding VT 220 Keyboard PC Keyboard V T220 Keyboard Byte.
Appendices 91 The following table lists the DSView decoding for VT220 terminal emulation. V T220 Decoding VT 220 Keyboard Function VT220 Keyboard Byte Sequence Index Esc D New Line Esc E Reverse Index.
92 DSView Installer/User Guide VT 220 Keyboard Function VT220 Keyboard Byte Sequence Erase parts of current line Esc [ Pn K Erase parts of current screen Esc [ Pn J Direct Cursor Addressing Esc [ Pn H.
Appendices 93 The following table lists the DS Management S oftware decoding for VT52 terminal emulation. V T52 Decoding VT 52 Keyboard Function V T52 Keyboard Byte Sequence Cursor Up Esc A Cursor Dow.
94 DSView Installer/User Guide VT 320 Keyboard PC Character Sequence V T320 Keyboard Byte Sequence F1 4 Ctrl - F6 Esc [ 2 6 ~ F1 5 Ctrl - F7 Esc [ 2 8 ~ F1 6 Ctrl - F8 Esc [ 2 9 ~ F1 7 Ctrl - F9 Esc [.
Appendices 95 VT 320 Keyboard Function VT320 Keyboard Byte Sequence Character Attributes Esc [ m Erase from cursor to end of line Esc [ K Erase from cursor to end of screen Esc [ J Programmable LEDs E.
96 DSView Installer/User Guide Appendix E: Setting SNMP Traps (Windows NT/ 2000/XP Only) An SNMP (S imple Network Management Protocol) t rap is a notification sent by a DS appliance to a host system indicating that an event has occurred in the DS appliance that may require further attention.
Appendices 97 Appendix F: Menus and Commands Pulldown menus The DSAuth, DSView Client and remote session windows each contain a number of commands that may be accessed using the pulldown menus located along the top of the windows.
98 DSView Installer/User Guide DSView Client shortcut menus and commands In the DS topology view, you may right-click on any DS appliance’s name or IP address in the DSView Client window to display .
Appendices 99 Previous Page This command moves the cursor back one page in the history file. Next Page This command moves the cursor forward one page in the history file.
100 DSView Installer/User Guide Appendix G: Glossary DS appliance A network appliance, such as DSR, DS1800 or CPS which is managed by DS Management Software. Target device A server, router or other device that is attached to a DS appliance. DS topology A hierarchy of DS appliances, cascade devices and target devices.
LIMITED WARRANT Y Av ocent Corporation warrants t o the original ret ail purc haser t hat this product is and will be free from defec ts in materials and w orkmanship for a period of 2 4 months from t he da t e of purchase. A ddit ionally , all A vocent product s carry an unc onditional thirt y-day satisfac tion guarantee.
For T echnical Support: Avocent Corporation 4991 Corporate Drive Huntsville, Alabama 35805-6201 USA Tel: +1 256 430 4000 Fax: +1 256 430 4031 590-366-00 1D Avocent International Ltd.
Un point important après l'achat de l'appareil (ou même avant l'achat) est de lire le manuel d'utilisation. Nous devons le faire pour quelques raisons simples:
Si vous n'avez pas encore acheté Avocent DSViewTM c'est un bon moment pour vous familiariser avec les données de base sur le produit. Consulter d'abord les pages initiales du manuel d'utilisation, que vous trouverez ci-dessus. Vous devriez y trouver les données techniques les plus importants du Avocent DSViewTM - de cette manière, vous pouvez vérifier si l'équipement répond à vos besoins. Explorant les pages suivantes du manuel d'utilisation Avocent DSViewTM, vous apprendrez toutes les caractéristiques du produit et des informations sur son fonctionnement. Les informations sur le Avocent DSViewTM va certainement vous aider à prendre une décision concernant l'achat.
Dans une situation où vous avez déjà le Avocent DSViewTM, mais vous avez pas encore lu le manuel d'utilisation, vous devez le faire pour les raisons décrites ci-dessus,. Vous saurez alors si vous avez correctement utilisé les fonctions disponibles, et si vous avez commis des erreurs qui peuvent réduire la durée de vie du Avocent DSViewTM.
Cependant, l'un des rôles les plus importants pour l'utilisateur joués par les manuels d'utilisateur est d'aider à résoudre les problèmes concernant le Avocent DSViewTM. Presque toujours, vous y trouverez Troubleshooting, soit les pannes et les défaillances les plus fréquentes de l'apparei Avocent DSViewTM ainsi que les instructions sur la façon de les résoudre. Même si vous ne parvenez pas à résoudre le problème, le manuel d‘utilisation va vous montrer le chemin d'une nouvelle procédure – le contact avec le centre de service à la clientèle ou le service le plus proche.
