Manuel d'utilisation / d'entretien du produit T13/2132-D du fabricant Western Digital
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Working Draft Project American National T13/2132-D Standard Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 Information technology - Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) This is a draf t proposed American Nation al S t andard of A ccre dited S t andards Committee I NCITS. As such this is not a completed sta ndard.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 ii Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Point s of Cont act T13h Chair T13h V ice-Chair Dan Colgrove Jim Hatfield Hitachi Global S torage T echnologies S.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Workin g Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) iii Secretariat Information T echnol ogy Industry Council Approved m m.dd.yy American National S tandards Institute, Inc. ABSTRACT This standard d escribes services curre ntly in use on IA-32 and IA-64 comp atible architecture persona l computer systems.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 iv Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Published by American National St andards Institute 1 1 W . 42nd Street, Ne w Y ork, New Y ork 10036 Copyright © 2007 by Information T echnology Industry Council ( ITI).
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) v Document St atus The text which is highli ghted in green may affe ct backward compatibility . New Cap abilities added to EDD-4 Revision History Rev Date Description 0 January 21, 2009 1) Used ACS-2r1 as the template for this first dr aft.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 vi Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Content s Page Points of Contact .............. ............. ................ ................ ............. ................ ............. ......... .............
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Workin g Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) vii 7 CD/DVD Boot ............... ................ ............. ................ ............. ................ ............. ........... ............... ...........
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 viii Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) A.2 GPT support for hybrid MBR boot code .......... ................ ................. ................ ................ ........... ........ ... 71 A.3 Hybrid MBR boot code .
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) ix Ta b l e s Page Table 1 - Approved ANSI References .............. ............. ................ ................. ............ ................. .... ............
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 x Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Figures Page Figure 1 - ATA document relati onships ............ ................ ............. ................. ............ ................. ... .................
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) xi Foreword Foreword (This foreword is not p art of Amer ican National S tandard NCITS.xxx-200x) DOS accesses its mass storage devices using an INT13h pr ogramming interfac e provide d by BIOS f irmware t o higher-level sof tware.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 xii Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Clause 7 is CD/DVD Booting Clause 8 is IN T 13h fu nction defin itions Clause 9 is IN T 15H Rem ovable Media Eje.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD BSR INCITS xxx-200x American National St andard for Information T echnology – Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 1 1 Scope Thi.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 2 Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) The set of A T Attachment st andards c onsists of this sta ndard and the A T A implementation st andards described in A T Attachment - 8 A T A/A T API Architecture Model (A T A 8-AAM).
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 3 2 Normative references 2.1 General The st andards list in 2.2, 2 .3, and 2.4 cont ain provisions that, through reference in the text, co nstitute pro visions of this standard.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 4 Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 2.3 References under development At the time of publication, the referenced standards we re still under develo pment.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 5 3 Definitions, abbreviat ions, and conventions 3.1 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1.1 A T A (A T Attachment) dev ice: An A T Attachment (also known as IDE) is a storage device that conforms to an A T A standard.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 6 Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 3.3 Conventions 3.3.1 Overvie w Lowercase is used for words h aving the normal English la nguage meaning. Ce rtain words a nd terms used in this standard ha ve a specific meaning beyond the normal English language mea ning.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 7 Names of device fields begin with a capital letter (e.g., Count). The expression “word n” or “bi t n” shall be interpre ted as indicating the content of wo rd n or bit n.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 8 Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 3.3.4 Keyw ords Several keywo rds are used to di fferentiate betwe en different levels of requirement s and options. 3.3.4.1 ex pected: A keyword used to describe the behavior of the har dware or software in the design models assumed by this standa rd.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 9 number represent ations to increase readability or delineate field boundaries (e .
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 10 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 3.3.10 Byte, word, DW ord, and QW ord Relationship s Figure 2 illustrates the relationship betw een bytes, words, DWords, and QWords.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 1 1 Each pair of bytes in an A T A string is swapped as shown in t able 4. If the field cont ains the string “abcdefg ”, in cluding one padding sp ace character at the end, then the word and byte represent ations for the field are shown in table 5.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 12 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 4 Overview In the past, DOS has accessed its mass storage devices usin g a BIOS provided INT 13h in terface. This in terface was designed in the ea rly 1980's and upgrad ed in the late 1980' s.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 13 5 <8GB INT 13h Functions (Conventional Functions) The Conventional INT 13h functio ns can address a maxim um of 8.4GB of device space. Sector sizes shall be exactly 512 bytes.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 14 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) The following co nventional functions sho wn in table 7 are documented in this stand ard: T able 7 — Conventional Function Definitions Function a Description 00h Reset disk subsyst em (see 8.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 15 6 >8GB INT 13h Functions 6.1 Overview The extended INT 13h function s are numbered from 41h thro ugh 49h, 4E, and 50h.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 16 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) T able 9 — Device Address Packet Offset T ype Description 0 Byte Packet size in bytes. The va lue in this field shall be 16 (10h) or greater . If the packet size is less than 16 the request shall be rejected with CF = 1b an d AH = 01h.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 17 6.3 Removable Media The distinction between "re movable" disks numbered 00h thro ugh 7Fh and "fixed" disks numbered 80h through FFh dif fers from conventional INT 13h functions.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 18 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 6.4.3 Device Locking and Eje cting Subset These functions support sof tware control of media lockin g and ejectin g (see table 12). 6.4.4 Enhanced Disk Drive (EDD) Support Subset These functions provide E DD su pport (see table 13).
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 19 7 CD/DVD Boot 7.1 Overview CD and DVD media shall be bootable if the m edia follows th e formatting described here. This for mat is based on ISO-9660, but does not require the med ia to be ISO-9660 compliant.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 20 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Figure 5 Describes a CD or DVD wit h an Initial/Default Entry but no section or additional boot images. This format is common for CD's or DVD's that are used for installing an operating system.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 21 Figure 6 illustrates a multi-session CD or DVD with several boot images. This type of CD or DVD may be used in a recovery e nvironment that has several dif ferent system ty pes.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 22 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) that is on th e floppy or h ard disk driv e (HDD) sh all be packed four sec tors of data to e ach sector on the CD or DVD.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 23 that supports CHS is acceptable (e.g., F A T -16 or F A T - 32) The partition table shall only have one p artition defined. 7.3 CD/DVD Format 7.3.1 Overvie w The system BIOS can boot fro m a CD or DVD only if the fo rmat of the me dia has been pr edefined.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 24 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 7.3.3 V alid ation Entry The first entry in the boot ca talog is a validation entry . The validation entry sh all be used to determine that a valid boot cat alog is on the disk and to determine the ma nufacture r of the CD.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 25 7.3.4 Initial /Default Entry Every boot cat alog shall have an Initial/De fault entry .
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 26 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) boot images. Another example of a section would be to id entify a spec ific model and ma nufacture r of a PC. This would allow the PC to boot software specific to the system.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 27 7.3.6 Section Entry Section entries shall follow Se ction Headers.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 28 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 7.3.7 Section Entry Extensio n Section Entry Extensions may follow Sect ion Entries. Section En try Extensions provide mo re sp ace for selection criteria when the 13h bytes p rovided by the Section Entry are insufficient.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 29 8 INT 13h Function Definitions 8.1 Overview These function definitions include conventional, exten ded, and CD/DVD functions. The functions are differ entiated by their function numbe rs and register usage.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 30 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.2 Reset Disk S ubsystem (FN 00h) This function shall be used to reset all the device s controlled by the INT 13h interface.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 31 8.3 Get St atus of L ast Operation (FN 01h) This function s hall be used to return the status of the last INT 13h command executed .
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 32 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.4 Read Sectors into Memory (FN 02h) This function shall be used to read da ta from the device into the host mem ory buffer beg inning at the location specified by the contents of the ES:BX registe rs.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 33 8.5 Write Sectors From Memory (FN 03h) This function shall be used t o transfer data from the host buffer beginning at the location sp ecified by the contents of the ES:BX registers.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 34 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.6 V erify Sectors (FN 04h) This function s hall be used to check th e sectors in the specified range on t he device fo r errors. N o data is transferred between the host and device by this command .
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 35 8.7 Get Drive Parameters (FN 08h) This function s hall be used to find the CHS geomet ry us ed by INT 13h functions 2, 3, and 4 to access the drive.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 36 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.8 Read Buffer (FN 0Eh) This function shall be used to read 51 2 bytes of data from the sp ecified device's sector buf f er .
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 37 8.9 Write Buffer (FN 0Fh) This function shall be used to wr ite 512 bytes of data to the specified device's buf fer .
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 38 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.10 Get Disk T yp e (FN 15h) This function s hall be used to find th e device type.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 39 8.1 1 Set Media T ype (FN 18h) This function shall be used to fo rce the BIOS to use a specific media type.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 40 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.12 Park Heads (FN 19h) This function shall be used to p ark the device heads.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 41 8.13 Identify Device Information (FN 25h) This function shall be us ed return IDEN TI FY DEVICE information from the device. Entry AH 25h DL BIOS device number ES:BX Pointer to 512 byte buffer for IDENTIFY DEVICE information.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 42 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.14 Check Extensions Present (FN 41h) This function shall be used to ch eck for the presence of INT 1 3h extensions. If CF =1b, the extensions are not supported fo r the reques ted device.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 43 8.15 Extended Read (FN 42h) This function shall transfe r sectors from the device to memory . In the event of an erro r , the block count field of the device address pa cket contains the nu mber of good blocks read before the error occurred.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 44 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.16 Extended Write (FN 43h) This function shall transfer s ectors from memory to the device. I f th e device does not support the WRITE VERIFY command, this function rejects the request with AH = 01h and CF = 1b.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 45 8.17 V erify Sectors (FN 44h) This function verifi es sectors without transferri ng data be tween the device and system memory .
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 46 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.18 Lock/Unlock Media (FN 45h) This function locks or unlock s removable media in a specific device. All removable media devices numbered 80h and above shall implement th is function.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 47 8.19 Eject Removable Media (FN 46h) This function s hall eject me dia from the specified de vice.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 48 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.20 Get Device Pa rameters (FN 48h) 8.20.1 Ove rview This function returns default device pa rameters. It shall be mandatory regard less of the interface subset that is supported.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 49 16 QWord Number of sectors. This shall be one grea t er than the maximum sector number . If this field is greater th an 15,482,880 then word 2, bit 1 shall be cleared to zero.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 50 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.20.2 Interf ace Path The Interface Path field at offset 48 allows software ex ternal to a system B IOS to locate mass storage device interface chip s.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 51 8.20.3 Device Path The Device Path at of fset 56 combined with the Interfac e Path allows sof tware exte rnal to a system BIOS to locate a specific mass storag e device.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 52 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) T able 24 — Device Path Definitions (part 1 of 2) Interface T ype Offset T ype Definition ATA 5 6 B y t e V alue Description 00h A T A D evice 0 01h A T A D evice 1 02h.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 53 SA T A 56 Byte Port number V alue Description 00h..1Fh SA T A contro ller port num ber to which the d evice is co nnected.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 54 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.20.4 Device Paramete r T able Extension (DPTE) The DPTE pro vides hardware configuration information to app lications that bypa ss INT 13h for addressing an A T A device.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 55 8.20.4.1 O ffset 0- 1 - I/O p ort base This word is the 16-bit addr ess in I/O space of the dat a register in the A T A Command Block. Any app lication that provides a prop rietary interface to the device may use this base ad dress.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 56 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.20.4.7 Offset 8 - DMA channel/Multiword DMA T ype If the BIOS has configured the system to perform multiword DM.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 57 8.20.4.9.1 0 Bits 9-10 - transla tion type If bit 3 is cleared to zero then this field shall be ignored an d shall be zero. If bit 3 is set to one then this field identifies the geometric translation shown in table 26.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 58 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.21 Get Extended Media Change St atus (FN 49h) This function returns media change st atus.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 59 8.22 Initiate Disk Emulation (FN 4Ah) This function uses the CD S pecification Packet to create an emu lated disk dr ive.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 60 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) T able 27 — CD Specific ation Packet Offset T ype Description 0 Byte 13h (e.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 61 14-15 W ord Sector Count. This field is only used for bo oting (INT 13h FN 4Ch). The sector count is the number of emulated se ctors to load, starting at the load segment (see of fset 12-13) during the initial boot procedure.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 62 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.23 T erminate Disk Emulation (FN 4Bh) This function returns the system to a c onfiguration that does not include the em ulated de vices.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 63 8.24 Initiate Disk Emul ation & Boot (FN 4Ch) This function uses the CD S pecification Packet to create an emu lated disk dr ive.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 64 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.25 Return Boot Cat alog (FN 4Dh) This function returns the Boot Catalog from the CD or DVD media.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 65 8.26 Set Hardware Configuration (FN 4Eh) The purpose of this function is to allo w non-hardware-spe cific sof tware to configure host adapter and devices for optimal operation.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 66 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.27 Send Packet Command (FN 50h) 8.27.1 Ove rview This function defines a service that the system BIOS shall call for sending da ta to and from a device implementing a protocol u sing packet transfe rs.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 67 This PSS shall add tran sport specific information (e .g., header information and CRC) and modify the CDB where necessary with bus specific information.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 68 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 8.27.2.3 Output Parameters The following output p arameters (see table 32), match the p a rameters defined in 8.27.1. No other return parame ters are necessar y for this transport.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 69 8.28 Security Protocol Commands (FN 51h) The purpose of this function is to support th e T r usted Computing feature set (see ACS-2), the SECURITY PROTOCOL IN comm and (see SPC-4), and the SECURITY PROT OCOL OUT command (see SPC-4).
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 70 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 9 INT 15h Removable Media Eject This function shall be called by the BIOS in response to a softwa re request (INT 13h, AH=46h, Eject Device) to eject media from a removab le media device.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 71 Annex A (informa tive) Hybrid MBR boot A.1 Hybrid MBR boot overview This annex describes ho w MBR boot code called hybrid MBR boot co de may be constructed to suppor t a GPT disk layout ( see UEFI-2.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 72 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) Figure A.2 shows an example of a GP T disk layout with hybrid MBR boot code on a disk with an end ing LBA greater than FFFF_FFFFh. The MBR p artition record is not able to describe the LBAs above FFFF_FFFFh.
June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revis ion 3 Work ing Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 73 9) set the IA-32 registers according to the hybrid MBR boot code hand over procedure (see A.
T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 201 0 74 Working Draf t Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) A.5 Hybrid VBR boot code Hybrid VBR boot code is responsible for booting the OS, and is usually OS-s pecific. If EAX is set to "!GPT", then hybrid VBR boot code uses the GPT Partit ion Entry field to identify its partition.
Un point important après l'achat de l'appareil (ou même avant l'achat) est de lire le manuel d'utilisation. Nous devons le faire pour quelques raisons simples:
Si vous n'avez pas encore acheté Western Digital T13/2132-D c'est un bon moment pour vous familiariser avec les données de base sur le produit. Consulter d'abord les pages initiales du manuel d'utilisation, que vous trouverez ci-dessus. Vous devriez y trouver les données techniques les plus importants du Western Digital T13/2132-D - de cette manière, vous pouvez vérifier si l'équipement répond à vos besoins. Explorant les pages suivantes du manuel d'utilisation Western Digital T13/2132-D, vous apprendrez toutes les caractéristiques du produit et des informations sur son fonctionnement. Les informations sur le Western Digital T13/2132-D va certainement vous aider à prendre une décision concernant l'achat.
Dans une situation où vous avez déjà le Western Digital T13/2132-D, mais vous avez pas encore lu le manuel d'utilisation, vous devez le faire pour les raisons décrites ci-dessus,. Vous saurez alors si vous avez correctement utilisé les fonctions disponibles, et si vous avez commis des erreurs qui peuvent réduire la durée de vie du Western Digital T13/2132-D.
Cependant, l'un des rôles les plus importants pour l'utilisateur joués par les manuels d'utilisateur est d'aider à résoudre les problèmes concernant le Western Digital T13/2132-D. Presque toujours, vous y trouverez Troubleshooting, soit les pannes et les défaillances les plus fréquentes de l'apparei Western Digital T13/2132-D ainsi que les instructions sur la façon de les résoudre. Même si vous ne parvenez pas à résoudre le problème, le manuel d‘utilisation va vous montrer le chemin d'une nouvelle procédure – le contact avec le centre de service à la clientèle ou le service le plus proche.
